Feminism in Flux : Indigenous Rights Activism and the Evolution of Feminism in New South Wales, 1930-1960

From the 1930s in Australia, white female voices of protest regarding Indigenous affairs were prominent. While undoubtedly emerging from philanthropic concerns, this thesis argues that more can be elicited from white women’s interest in Indigenous affairs. My focus is feminist organisations in Sydney between 1930 and 1960 where Indigenous affairs were continually a part of a ‘progressive’ feminist agenda which in the period shifted to the left of the political spectrum. A feminist interest in Indigenous rights is used to illustrate the radicalisation of feminism from the conservatism of the 1930s to the antecedents of the politics of female liberation in the 1950s

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No abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58017/1/23350_ftp.pd

Chiral Amplification of Phosphoramidates of Amines and Amino Acids in Water

The origin of biomolecular homochirality continues to be one of the most fascinating aspects of prebiotic chemistry. Various amplification strategies for chiral compounds to enhance a small chiral preference have been reported, but none of these involves phosphorylation, one of nature's essential chemical reactions. Here we present a simple and robust concept of phosphorylation-based chiral amplification of amines and amino acids in water. By exploiting the difference in solubility of a racemic phosphoramidate and its enantiopure form, we achieved enantioenrichment in solution. Starting with near racemic, phenylethylamine-based phosphoramidates, ee's of up to 95 % are reached in a single amplification step. Particularly noteworthy is the enantioenrichment of phosphorylated amino acids and their derivatives, which might point to a potential role of phosphorus en-route to prebiotic homochirality

Incidence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the United Kingdom, 1990-1999

Objective. To estimate the annual incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) over a 10-year period in the UK, and to examine age-, sex-, and region-specific rates. Methods. The study was based on the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD), which covers 5% of the UK population. We estimated SLE incidence rates, during the period 1990–1999, among persons registered with practices contributing to the GPRD, representing >33 million person-years of observation. Results. A total of 1,638 patients with incident SLE (1,374 females, 264 males) were identified. The age-standardized SLE incidence in the UK during the 1990s was 7.89 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7.46, 8.31) for females and 1.53 per 100,000 (95% CI 1.34, 1.71) for males (overall female-to-male ratio 5.2:1). Peak incidence occurred at age 50–54 years for females and 70–74 years for males. There was a small but insignificant increase of SLE incidence over the 10 years among females but not males. No clear association between latitude and SLE incidence was found, but regional variations existed, with age-standardized rates ranging from 3.56 per 100,000 (95% CI 3.00, 4.13) for the West Midlands to 7.62 per 100,000 (95% CI 5.59, 9.65) for Northern Ireland. Conclusion. This study provides updated estimates of SLE incidence in the UK. Standard methodology throughout the study period and target population allowed for comparison of rates over time and across regions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60248/1/1_ftp.pd

Pulmonary Inflammatory Responses to Acute Meteorite Dust Exposures - to Acute Meteorite Dust Exposures - Exploration

New initiatives to begin lunar and martian colonization within the next few decades are illustrative of the resurgence of interest in space travel. One of NASA's major concerns with extended human space exploration is the inadvertent and repeated exposure to unknown dust. This highly interdisciplinary study evaluates both the geochemical reactivity (e.g. iron solubility and acellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation) and the relative toxicity (e.g. in vitro and in vivo pulmonary inflammation) of six meteorite samples representing either basalt or regolith breccia on the surface of the Moon, Mars, and Asteroid 4Vesta. Terrestrial mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) is also used for comparison. The MORB demonstrated higher geochemical reactivity than most of the meteorite samples but caused the lowest acute pulmonary inflammation (API). Notably, the two martian meteorites generated some of the highest API but only the basaltic sample is significantly reactive geochemically. Furthermore, while there is a correlation between a meteorite's soluble iron content and its ability to generate acellular ROS, there is no direct correlation between a particle's ability to generate ROS acellularly and its ability to generate API. However, assorted in vivo API markers did demonstrate strong positive correlations with increasing bulk Fenton metal content. In summary, this comprehensive dataset allows for not only the toxicological evaluation of astromaterials but also clarifies important correlations between geochemistry and health

Cardiopulmonary Inflammatory Responses to Subacute Meteorite Dust Exposures Implications for Human Space Exploration

No abstract availabl

Pulmonary Inflammatory Responses to Acute Meteorite Dust Exposures - Implications for Human Space Exploration

New initiatives to begin Lunar and Martian human surface operations within the next few decades are illustrative of the resurgence of interest in human space exploration. However, as with all exploration, there are risks. The previous manned missions to the Moon highlight a major hazard for future human exploration of the Moon and beyond: surface dust. Not only did the dust cause mechanical and structural integrity issues with the suits, the dust 'storm' generated upon reentrance into the crew cabin caused "lunar hay fever" and "almost blindness.". It was further reported that the allergic response to the dust worsened with each exposure. Due to the prevalence of these high exposures, the Human Research Roadmap developed by NASA identifies the Risk of Adverse Health and Performance Effects of Celestial Dust Exposure as an area of concern

Pulmonary Inflammatory Responses to Acute Meteorite Dust Exposures - Implications for Human Space Exploration

New initiatives to send humans to Mars within the next few decades are illustrative of the resurgence of interest in space travel. However, as with all exploration, there are risks. The Human Research Roadmap developed by NASA identifies the Risk of Adverse Health and Performance Effects of Celestial Dust Exposure as an area of concern. Extended human exploration will further increase the probability of inadvertent and repeated exposures to celestial dusts