48 research outputs found
A Critical Examination of the Ethics of AI-Mediated Peer Review
Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) systems, including large
language models like ChatGPT, offer promise and peril for scholarly peer
review. On the one hand, AI can enhance efficiency by addressing issues like
long publication delays. On the other hand, it brings ethical and social
concerns that could compromise the integrity of the peer review process and
outcomes. However, human peer review systems are also fraught with related
problems, such as biases, abuses, and a lack of transparency, which already
diminish credibility. While there is increasing attention to the use of AI in
peer review, discussions revolve mainly around plagiarism and authorship in
academic journal publishing, ignoring the broader epistemic, social, cultural,
and societal epistemic in which peer review is positioned. The legitimacy of
AI-driven peer review hinges on the alignment with the scientific ethos,
encompassing moral and epistemic norms that define appropriate conduct in the
scholarly community. In this regard, there is a "norm-counternorm continuum,"
where the acceptability of AI in peer review is shaped by institutional logics,
ethical practices, and internal regulatory mechanisms. The discussion here
emphasizes the need to critically assess the legitimacy of AI-driven peer
review, addressing the benefits and downsides relative to the broader
epistemic, social, ethical, and regulatory factors that sculpt its
implementation and impact.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figur
Methods and Models in Transport and Telecommunications. Cross Atlantic Perspectives
One aspect of the new economy is a transition to a networked society, and the emergence of a highly interconnected, interdependent and complex system of networks to move people, goods and information. An example of this is the in creasing reliance of networked systems (e. g. , air transportation networks, electric power grid, maritime transport, etc. ) on telecommunications and information infrastructure. Many of the networks that evolved today have an added complexity in that they have both a spatial structure \u2013 i. e. , they are located in physical space but also an a spatial dimension brought on largely by their dependence on information technology. They are also often just one component of a larger system of geographically integrated and overlapping networks operating at different spatial levels. An understanding of these complexities is imperative for the design of plans and policies that can be used to optimize the efficiency, performance and safety of transportation, telecommunications and other networked systems. In one sense, technological advances along with economic forces that encourage the clustering of activities in space to reduce transaction costs have led to more efficient network structures. At the same time the very properties that make these networks more efficient have also put them at a greater risk for becoming disconnected or significantly disrupted when super connected nodes are removed either intentionally or through a targeted attack
Women, motorization and the environment
Reprint from Transportation research, pt. D (1999)Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:9025.959(891) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo