14 research outputs found

    Millifluidic Synthesis of Polymer Core-Shell Micromechanical Particles: Toward Micromechanical Resonators for Acoustic Metamaterials

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    We present two routes of millifluidic-based synthesis of solid core-solid shell particles with submillimeter size. These particles, which behave as mechanical resonators, are key components of targeted three-dimensional locally resonant acoustic metamaterials working in the ultrasonic frequency range. The first route involves the encapsulation of a solid core into a liquid shell, which is then in-line solidified through gelation. The second route involves two successive coflows followed by two solidifications triggered by UV irradiation and complexation, respectively. Original solutions to several practical issues are presented. The advantages and drawbacks of both routes are analyzed in the light of the targeted specifications of the resonators.Approche rationnelle pour la réalisation de métamatériaux pour l'acoustique ultrasonor

    Millifluidic Synthesis of Polymer Core-Shell Micromechanical Particles: Toward Micromechanical Resonators for Acoustic Metamaterials

    No full text
    We present two routes of millifluidic-based synthesis of solid core-solid shell particles with submillimeter size. These particles, which behave as mechanical resonators, are key components of targeted three-dimensional locally resonant acoustic metamaterials working in the ultrasonic frequency range. The first route involves the encapsulation of a solid core into a liquid shell, which is then in-line solidified through gelation. The second route involves two successive coflows followed by two solidifications triggered by UV irradiation and complexation, respectively. Original solutions to several practical issues are presented. The advantages and drawbacks of both routes are analyzed in the light of the targeted specifications of the resonators.Approche rationnelle pour la réalisation de métamatériaux pour l'acoustique ultrasonor

    Rapport du Groupe Biodiversité : partie III

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    [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVINDes signes de modifications de la biodiversité terrestre, aquatique et marine, attribuables aux changements graduels induits par le changement climatique, sont d'ores et déjà observables. La biodiversité est affectée directement par la modification de la température et de la pluviométrie, à laquelle s'ajoute l'acidification des eaux en domaine marin. Protéger les espèces et les écosystèmes impose de réduire les pressions qui diminuent leur résilience : fragmentation des milieux naturels, artificialisation des sols, etc. Le groupe insiste sur le rôle des effets indirects à moyen terme, qui pourraient être au moins aussi importants (par exemple, la reconstruction des infrastructures littorales sur les espaces naturels en arrière des côtes). Il est donc essentiel d'analyser systématiquement les effets croisés des impacts du changement climatique d'une part et des adaptations spontanées ou planifiées d'autre part, afin de prévenir les conséquences négatives pour la biodiversité. L'évaluation des services rendus par la biodiversité pour certains types d'occupation du territoire les estime à 900¤/ha/an pour les forêts et 300¤/ha/an pour les prairies, dans un récent rapport du Centre d'Analyse Stratégique, ce qui permet de cerner les enjeux économiques. Des impacts négatifs sont révélés par cette approche, appliquée aux écosystèmes coralliens et aux services non-marchands fournis par la forêt. Plus globalement, des pertes économiques significatives liées à la diminution voire la disparition de services de production (forêts de hêtre du Sud et de l'Ouest par exemple) et de régulation (tels que le stockage du carbone, la prévention des crues et des inondations, la régulation de l'érosion) sont à envisager à des niveaux accrus à la fin du siècle. L'Outre-mer est particulièrement fragile du fait des impacts sur les récifs coralliens, les forêts tropicales et les nombreuses espèces endémiques. Grâce à une gouvernance des politiques d'adaptation conduites à des échelles spatiales pertinentes avec le plus grand nombre d'acteurs et à une politique intégrée pour favoriser les approches transversales et systémiques, ces pertes pourront être limitées. Enfin, la préservation d'écosystèmes naturels choisis peut constituer une action d'adaptation en tant que telle pour un maximum d'espèces et de milieux

    Revisiting of the physico-chemical properties of polyelectrolyte multilayers for a fine tuning of the immobilization of bacteria or nanoparticles

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    Increasingly used in industrial coatings, polyelectrolytes multilayers (PEMs) are self-assembled systems made of the alternate deposition of oppositely charged polymers on substrates, usually built by the traditional layer-by-layer method. Their properties strongly depend on environmental physico-chemical parameters. Due to the variety of conditions used in the literature on the one hand and the diversity of polyelectrolytes systems on the other hand, it remains difficult to bring out general principles, leading now to a lack of a real understanding of the PEM buildup, from the macro- to the nanoscale. Here, combining acoustic and electrochemical methods with atomic force microscopy, in a systematic approach, we uncover the critical role of the deposition protocol in the growth regime of PEMs made of cationic poly (allylamine hydrochloride) and anionic poly(4-styrene sulfonate, sodium). Traditional dipping leads to thick, heterogeneous and relatively isolating PEMs whereas a spin-coating assisted method leads to thinner, homogeneous and more permeable PEMs. We also highlight that the pH and the ionic strength influence not only the electrostatic interactions and polyelectrolyte conformation in solution but also their organization after their adsorption on the substrate. Finally, our easily and rapidly adaptable protocol paves the way for promising potential bio-applications, since PEMs are applied to the bacterial immobilization on substrates or as a coating for nanostructured biosensor transducer.Immunocapteur à ondes de Love ultra-sensible pour la détection rapide de micro-organismes dans l'eau, visant la réalisation d'un dispositif d'alert

    Effervescence in champagne and sparkling wines: From bubble bursting to droplet evaporation

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    International audienceWhen a bubble reaches an air-liquid interface, it ruptures, projecting a multitude of tiny droplets in the air. Across the oceans, an estimated 1018 to 1020 bubbles burst every second, and form the so called sea spray, a major player in earth's climate system. At a smaller scale, in a glass of champagne about a million bubbles nucleate on the wall, rise towards the surface and burst, giving birth to a particular aerosol that holds a concentrate of wine aromas. Based on the model experiment of a single bubble bursting in simple liquids, we depict each step of this effervescence, from bubble bursting to drop evaporation. In particular, we propose simple scaling laws for the jet velocity and the top drop size. We unravel experimentally the intricate roles of bubble shape, capillary waves, gravity, and liquid properties in the jet dynamics and the drop detachment. We demonstrate how damping action of viscosity produces faster and smaller droplets and more generally how liquid properties enable to control the bubble bursting aerosol characteristics. In this context, the particular case of Champagne wine aerosol is studied in details and the key features of this aerosol are identified. We demonstrate that compared to a still wine, champagne fizz drastically enhances the transfer of liquid into the atmosphere. Conditions on bubble radius and wine viscosity that optimize aerosol evaporation are provided. These results pave the way towards the fine tuning of aerosol characteristics and flavor release during sparkling wine tasting, a major issue of the sparkling wine industry
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