Transpersonal Sociology: Origins, Development, and Theory

Transpersonal theory formally developed within psychology through the initial definition of the field in the publishing of the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology. However, transpersonal sociology also developed with the Transpersonal Sociology Newsletter, which operated through the middle 1990s. Both disciplines have long histories, while one continues to flourish and the other, comparatively, is languishing. In order to encourage renewed interest in this important area of transpersonal studies, we discuss the history, and further define the field of transpersonal sociology, discuss practical applications of transpersonal sociology, and introduce research approaches that might be of benefit for transpersonal sociological researchers and practitioners

Flow, deposition, and erosion near finite patches of vegetation

Keynote Lecture

The propargyl rearrangement to functionalised allyl-boron and borocation compounds

A diverse range of Lewis acidic alkyl, vinyl and aryl boranes and borenium compounds that are capable of new carbon–carbon bond formation through selective migratory group transfer have been synthesised. Utilising a series of heteroleptic boranes [PhB(C6F5)2 (1), PhCH2CH2B(C6F5)2 (2), and E-B(C6F5)2(C6F5)C=C(I)R (R=Ph 3 a, nBu 3 b)] and borenium cations [phenylquinolatoborenium cation ([QOBPh][AlCl4], 4)], it has been shown that these boron-based compounds are capable of producing novel allyl- boron and boronium compounds through complex rearrangement reactions with various propargyl esters and carbamates. These reactions yield highly functionalised, synthetically useful boron substituted organic compounds with substantial molecular complexity in a one-pot reaction

Homogeneous and heterogenised new gold C-scorpionate complexes as catalysts for cyclohexane oxidation

Gold(III) complexes of type [AuCl2{eta(2)-RC(R'pz)(3)}]Cl [R = R' = H (1), R = CH2OH, R' = H (2) and R = H, R' = 3,5-Me-2(3), pz = pyrazol-1-yl] were supported on carbon materials (activated carbon, carbon xerogel and carbon nanotubes) and used for the oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, with aqueous H2O2, under mild conditions

Monitoring of Tumor Growth with [F-18]-FET PET in a Mouse Model of Glioblastoma: SUV Measurements and Volumetric Approaches

Noninvasive tumor growth monitoring is of particular interest for the evaluation of experimental glioma therapies. This study investigates the potential of positron emission tomography (PET) using O-(2-F-18-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([F-18]-FET) to determine tumor growth in a murine glioblastoma (GBM) model including estimation of the biological tumor volume (BTV), which has hitherto not been investigated in the pre-clinical context. Fifteen GBM bearing mice (GL261) and six control mice (shams) were investigated during 5 weeks by PET followed by autoradiographic and histological assessments. [F-18]-FET PET was quantitated by calculation of maximum and mean standardized uptake values within a universal volume-of-interest (VOI) corrected for healthy background (SUVmax/BG, SUVmean/BG). A partial volume effect correction (PVEC) was applied in comparison to ex vivo autoradiography. BTVs obtained by predefined thresholds for VOI definition (SUV/BG: >= 1.4;>= 1.6;>= 1.8;>= 2.0) were compared to the histologically assessed tumor volume (n = 8). Finally, individual-optimal" thresholds for BTV definition best reflecting the histology were determined. In GBM mice SUVmax/BG and SUVmean/BG clearly increased with time, however at high inter-animal variability. No relevant [F-18]-FET uptake was observed in shams. PVEC recovered signal loss of SUVmean/BG assessment in relation to autoradiography. BTV as estimated by predefined thresholds strongly differed from the histology volume. Strikingly, the individual "optimal" thresholds for BTV assessment correlated highly with SUVmax/BG (rho = 0.97, p < 0.001), allowing SUVmax/BG-based calculation of individual thresholds. The method was verified by a subsequent validation study (n = 15, p = 0.88, p < 0.01) leading to extensively higher agreement of BTV estimations when compared to histology in contrast to predefined thresholds. [F-18]-FET PET with standard SUV measurements is feasible for glioma imaging in the GBM mouse model. PVEC is beneficial to improve accuracy of [F-18]-FET PET SUV quantification. Although SUVmax/BG and SUVmean/BG increase during the disease course, these parameters do not correlate with the respective tumor size. For the first time, we propose a histology-verified method allowing appropriate individual BTV estimation for volumetric in vivo monitoring of tumor growth with [F-18]-FET PET and show that standardized thresholds from routine clinical practice seem to be inappropriate for BTV estimation in the GBM mouse model