Recent progress in the theory of air flow as applied to aeronautics

In summing up it may be said that the hydrodynamic theories are best confirmed by experimental results for bodies with small resistance or drag and can accordingly be used in place of experimental tests

Some remarks concerning soaring flight

The publication of the following details is due to the desire of the editor to have the problems of soaring flight treated on the occasion of the Rhone Soaring Flight Contest

Gottingen Wind Tunnel for Testing Aircraft Models

Given here is a brief description of the Gottingen Wind Tunnel for the testing of aircraft models, preceded by a history of its development. Included are a number of diagrams illustrating, among other things, a sectional elevation of the wind tunnel, the pressure regulator, the entrance cone and method of supporting a model for simple drag tests, a three-component balance, and a propeller testing device, all of which are discussed in the text

Induced drag of multiplanes

The most important part of the resistance or drag of a wing system,the induced drag, can be calculated theoretically, when the distribution of lift on the individual wings is known. The calculation is based upon the assumption that the lift on the wings is distributed along the wing in proportion to the ordinates of a semi-ellipse. Formulas and numerical tables are given for calculating the drag. In this connection, the most favorable arrangements of biplanes and triplanes are discussed and the results are further elucidated by means of numerical examples

Applications of Modern Hydrodynamics to Aeronautics. Part 1: Fundamental Concepts and the Most Important Theorems. Part 2: Applications

A discussion of the principles of hydrodynamics of nonviscous fluids in the case of motion of solid bodies in a fluid is presented. Formulae are derived to demonstrate the transition from the fluid surface to a corresponding 'control surface'. The external forces are compounded of the fluid pressures on the control surface and the forces which are exercised on the fluid by any solid bodies which may be inside of the control surfaces. Illustrations of these formulae as applied to the acquisition of transformations from a known simple flow to new types of flow for other boundaries are given. Theoretical and experimental investigations of models of airship bodies are presented

Does Fully-Developed Turbulence Exist? Reynolds Number Independence versus Asymptotic Covariance

By analogy with recent arguments concerning the mean velocity profile of wall-bounded turbulent shear flows, we suggest that there may exist corrections to the 2/3 law of Kolmogorov, which are proportional to $(\ln\,\Re)^{-1}$ at large Re. Such corrections to K41 are the only ones permitted if one insists that the functional form of statistical averages at large Re be invariant under a natural redefinition of Re. The family of curves of the observed longitudinal structure function $D_{LL}(r, \Re)$ for different values of Re is bounded by an envelope. In one generic scenario, close to the envelope, $D_{LL}(r, \Re)$ is of the form assumed by Kolmogorov, with corrections of O((\lnRe)^{-2}). In an alternative generic scenario, both the Kolmogorov constant $C_K$ and corrections to Kolmogorov's linear relation for the third order structure function $D_{LLL} (r)$ are proportional to $(\ln\,\Re)^{-1}$. Recent experimental data of Praskovsky and Oncley appear to show a definite dependence of $C_K$ on Re, which if confirmed, would be consistent with the arguments given here.Comment: 13 Pages. Tex file and Postscript figure included in uufiles compressed format. Needs macro uiucmac.tex, available from cond-mat archive or from ftp://gijoe.mrl.uiuc.edu/pu

Attaining a steady air stream in wind tunnels

Many experimental arrangements of varying kind involve the problems of assuring a large, steady air stream both as to volume and to time. For this reason a separate discussion of the methods by which this is achieved should prove of particular interest. Motors and blades receive special attention and a review of existent wind tunnels is also provided

Tasks of air flow research

The researches at the Gottingen Institute are discussed especially in regards to the physical properties of fluids. The three main properties of fluids examined concern density, viscosity, and compressibility

Effects of streamline curvature on lift of biplanes

This report concerns, first, the determination of the lift of a wing which is situated in a curvilinear flow; and second, to calculate the curvature which one wing of a biplane produces in the vicinity of the other