Nutrição Parentérica no Recém-Nascido: 1ª Revisão do Consenso Nacional, 2008

Nesta revisão é actualizado o primeiro Consenso Nacional sobre Nutrição Parentérica no Recém-Nascido, publicado em 2004, com especial relevância para as indicações, contra-indicações e limitações, formulação das misturas e armazenamento, suprimento recomendado de líquidos, energia, macronutrientes e micronutrientes, nutrição parentérica em situações particulares, suas principais complicações, estimativa da osmolaridade das soluções, vias de administração, controlo clínico e laboratorial

Cyclical Effects of Bank Capital Buffers with Imperfect Credit Markets: international evidence

This paper analyzes the cyclical effects of bank capital buffers using an international sample of 2,361 banks from 92 countries over the 1990-2007 period. We find that capital buffers reduce the bank credit supply but – through what could be “monitoring or signaling effects” – have also an expansionary effect on economic activity by reducing lending and deposit rate spreads. This influence on lending and deposit rate spreads is more pronunced in developing countries and during downturns. The results suggest that capital buffers have a counter-cyclical effect in these countries. Our data do not suggest differences in the cyclical effects of capital buffers between Basel I and Basel II.

Sudden Floods, Prudential Regulation and Stability in an Open Economy

We develop a dynamic stochastic model of a middle-income, small open economy with a two-level banking intermediation structure, a risk-sensitive regulatory capital regime, and imperfect capital mobility. Firms borrow from a domestic bank and the bank borrows on world capital markets, in both cases subject to an endogenous premium. A sudden flood in capital flows generates an expansion in credit and activity, and asset price pressures. Countercyclical regulation, in the form of a Basel III-type rule based on real credit gaps, is effective at promoting macroeconomic stability (defined in terms of the volatility of a weighted average of inflation and the output gap) and financial stability (defined in terms of the volatility of a composite index of the nominal exchange rate and house prices). However, because the gain in terms of reduced volatility may exhibit diminishing returns, a countercyclical regulatory rule may need to be supplemented by other, more targeted, macroprudential instruments.

Capital requirements and business cycles with credit market imperfections

The business cycle effects of bank capital regulatory regimes are examined in a New Keynesian model with credit market imperfections and a cost channel of monetary policy. Key features of the model are that bank capital increases incentives for banks to monitor borrowers, thereby reducing the probability of default, and excess capital generates benefits in terms of reduced regulatory scrutiny. Basel I and Basel II-type regulatory regimes are defined, and the model is calibrated for a middle-income country. Simulations of supply and demand shocks show that, depending on the elasticity that relates the repayment probability to the capital-loan ratio, a Basel II-type regime may be less procyclical than a Basel I-type regime.Banks&Banking Reform,Debt Markets,Access to Finance,Economic Theory&Research,Emerging Markets

Is Intrauterine Growth Appropriate to Monitor Postnatal Growth of Preterm Neonates?

When using the useful 2013 Fenton Chart, data should be interpreted with caution taking into account two aspects: the physiologic loss of body water after birth for the weight curves, and the questionable accuracy of the birth length curves considering the heterogeneity and reliability of the methods used in the original measurements

Calcium and Phosphate Parenteral Intake for Preterm Infants: Which is the Better Practice?

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Which Type of Maternal Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat Affects Fetal Adiposity?

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio