A comparison of the ForestMan AI software with the Heureka system regarding forest growth simulations and carbon calculations

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability of the forest growth simulations and carbon calculations of the ForestMan AI forest planning system. The ForestMan AI software is developed by and the property of Skogr Kaupa Group AB. ForestMan AI is based on the ProdMod model from SLU and carbon calculations according to methodologies recommended by the IPCC in Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories reporting.The Heureka system calculations are used as benchmark for the evaluation. Heureka is a planning system that has been developed over more than 20 years and has found extensive use in both research and among forest companies. The Heureka system calculations is used as the basis for evaluation since it can be considered state-of-the-art with respect to forest research and because it is also used for assessments for the Swedish reporting of greenhouse gas emissions.The evaluation is based on the data from a forest estate in the Halland county. The estate encompasses 2.037 ha and has spruce as dominating species. It is, by and large, representative of forest in the region.The evaluation shows ForestMan AI to perform growth projections and the associated carbon stock assessment to agree to a great extent. No major deviations between the outputs of the systems are identified.The result of the study can be used as a basis for further development of standards for evaluating forest planning systems. Carbon as a commodity represents an emerging branch of forestry. Furthermore, it is the quantity to report by financial institutions and forest owners in Climate Benefit Analyses (CBA) mandated by the EU Taxonomy. Thus, it is crucial that different actors, SMEs (Small, Medium Enterprises) and others, are given access to research in various forms to meet the needs of this emerging branch of forestry

Fine-line sensitivity for holographic interferograms

Improvement in sensitivity of holography, the technique of lensless interferometry, is obtained by enhancing the higher-order structure in the interferogram. By using the light diffracted into higher orders than the first, phase sensitivity is increased over the first order sensitivity by a factor equal to the order number used

Fuse protects circuit from voltage and current overloads

Low-melting resistor connected in series with the load protects the circuit against current overloads. It protects test subjects and patients being monitored by electronic instrumentation from inadvertant overloads of current, and sensitive electronic equipment against high-voltage damage

Superdense coding of quantum states

We describe a method to non-obliviously communicate a 2l-qubit quantum state by physically transmitting l+o(l) qubits of communication, and by consuming l ebits of entanglement and some shared random bits. In the non-oblivious scenario, the sender has a classical description of the state to be communicated. Our method can be used to communicate states that are pure or entangled with the sender's system; l+o(l) and 3l+o(l) shared random bits are sufficient respectively.Comment: 5 pages, revtex

Sensitive holographic detection of small aerodynamic perturbations

Phase modulations enhance the sensitivity of holographic techniques for detecting disturbances which are caused by variations in gas density of the order of 1/10 wavelength or less. In the readout, subject perturbations show up as brightenings on a dark background