Oncogenic processes

No abstract available

Differential expression of microRNAs in bovine papillomavirus type 1 transformed equine cells

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1 and 2 play an important role in the pathogenesis of equine sarcoids (ES), the most common cutaneous tumour affecting horses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate essential biological and cellular processes, have been found dysregulated in a wide range of tumours. The aim of this study was to identify miRNAs associated with ES. Differential expression of miRNAs was assessed in control equine fibroblasts (EqPalFs) and EqPalFs transformed with the BPV-1 genome (S6-2 cells). Using a commercially available miRNA microarray, 492 mature miRNAs were interrogated. In total, 206 mature miRNAs were differentially expressed in EqPalFs compared with S6-2 cells. Aberrant expression of these miRNAs in S6-2 cells can be attributed to the presence of BPV-1 genomes. Furthermore, we confirm the presence of 124 miRNAs previously computationally predicted in the horse. Our data supports the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of ES

Equine sarcoids: Bovine Papillomavirus type 1 transformed fibroblasts are sensitive to cisplatin and UVB induced apoptosis and show aberrant expression of p53

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 infects not only cattle but also equids and is a causative factor in the pathogenesis of commonly occurring equine sarcoid tumours. Whilst treatment of sarcoids is notoriously difficult, cisplatin has been shown to be one of the most effective treatment strategies for sarcoids. In this study we show that in equine fibroblasts, BPV-1 sensitises cells to cisplatin-induced and UVB-induced apoptosis, a known cofactor for papillomavirus associated disease, however BPV-1 transformed fibroblasts show increased clonogenic survival, which may potentially limit the therapeutic effects of repeated cisplatin treatment. Furthermore we show that BPV-1 increases p53 expression in sarcoid cell lines and p53 expression can be either nuclear or cytoplasmic. The mechanism and clinical significance of increase/abnormal p53 expression remains to be established

Papillomavirus E5: the smallest oncoprotein with many functions

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are established agents of human and animal cancers. They infect cutaneous and mucous epithelia. High Risk (HR) Human PVs (HPVs) are consistently associated with cancer of the uterine cervix, but are also involved in the etiopathogenesis of other cancer types. The early oncoproteins of PVs: E5, E6 and E7 are known to contribute to tumour progression. While the oncogenic activities of E6 and E7 are well characterised, the role of E5 is still rather nebulous. The widespread causal association of PVs with cancer makes their study worthwhile not only in humans but also in animal model systems. The Bovine PV (BPV) system has been the most useful animal model in understanding the oncogenic potential of PVs due to the pivotal role of its E5 oncoprotein in cell transformation. This review will highlight the differences between HPV-16 E5 (16E5) and E5 from other PVs, primarily from BPV. It will discuss the targeting of E5 as a possible therapeutic agent

Sintesis Dan Karakterisasi Perak Nanopartikelbakterial Selulosa Bionanofiber Nanokomposit

Silver nanoparticle-bacterial cellulose bionanofiber nanocomposite (nano Ag-BSB) has been synthesized by using trisodium nitrate as reducing agent. The arrangement offiber in nano Ag-BSB nanocomposite has random shape after 26 confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)analysis. Nano Ag-BSB nanocomposite has average 64.1 nm in nanofiber diameter. Fourier infra red spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed crystal structure in Ag-BSB nanocomposite is cellulose type L Crystalinity of BSB and Ag-BSB are 94 % and 89 %, respectively.This result showed that presence of silver nanoparticles in BSB decreased crystalinity of BSB. Ag-BSB nanocomposite has good performance in inhibitingE-Coli growth

Analisis Penilaian Kinerja Organisasi dengan Menggunakan Konsep Balanced Scorecard pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (Pdam) Payakumbuh

This study aims to do and see an overview of the organizations overall performance assessment using the concept of Balanced Scorecard on Regional Water Company (PDAM) Payakumbuh, as seen from four perspectives: financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business perspective, and learning and growth perspective .The method used is the method of survey research deskriptif approach. Obtained from data collected secondary data from company financial data and reports. In addition, through the distribution of questionnaires to the 39 existing employees at the Regional Water Company (PDAM) Payakumbuh. Processing and analyzing the data using the classical assumption test after test the validity, reliability, and data analysis.From the results of research on the measurement of company performance using the Balanced Scorecard concept , the importance of performance measurement results can be said to be good financial perspective , ie from the ROI , the Current Ratio , Profit Margin , Operating Ratio . Results of performance measurement of the level of customer perspective customer acquisition , customer retention , customer profitability , and customer satisfaction levels also showed a good performance . The results of measurements of internal business perspective , namely innovation and after-sales service company , the overall performance of the company has shown good results . The measurement results of learning and growth perspective , the employee productivity and employee retention can be said enough . While the level of employee satisfaction also showed good results . While the validity of the test results on the level of employee satisfaction can be concluded that the measurement of the five characteristics , namely ( 1 ) the policy of the company, ( 2 ) motivation to work , ( 3 ) access to information and communication , ( 4 ) the physical condition of the company , and ( 5 ) work load and salaries , showed valid results . While testing the reliability test results also showed results quite reliable .Keywords : Balanced Scorecard, Financial Perspective, Customer Perspective, Internal Business, Learning and Growth Perspective

Gambaran Infestasi Ascaris Lumbricoides Dan Trichuris Trichiura Pada Murid Kelas I, II, Dan III SD Negeri 45 Di Lingkungan Pembuatan Batu Bata Kecamatan Tenayan Raya Kota Pekanbaru

Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura are part of Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) which need gristle soil for it's egg development and maturation as well as media to be infective. The aim of this research was to describe the infestation of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura on elementary students grade I, II, and III SDN 45 in brick made home industry Kecamatan Tenayan Raya Pekanbaru. This research was cross sectional descriptive study which was done in August 2013. From 83 samples, 20 students (24%) are infested with Ascaris lumbricoides, 17 students (20.4%) are infested with Trichuris trichiura and 6 students (7.2%) are having mix infestation. Infected students have poor washing hand habits in their house 25 students (30.1%), 34 students (40.9%) have poor washing hand habits before eat junkfood. Meanwhile infected students have good cutting nail habits 30 students (36.1%) and good defecating habits 29 students (34.9%). These results indicate that the STH infestation influenced not only one habit but also influenced by other habits

Penerapan Metode Six Sigma Dengan Pendekatan Metode Taguchi Untuk Menurunkan Produk Cacat (Studi Kasus : Sentra Industri Genteng Tanah Liat Desa Pacar Peluk, Kecamatan Megaluh, Kabupaten Jombang)

Sentra industri genteng tanah liat Pacar Peluk memproduksi genteng tanah liat tipe Mantili, tipe Press Ekonomi dan tipe Pilangan. Permasalahan pada proses produksi genteng terutama tipe Mantili ini masih terdapat presentase cacat tinggi yang mengindikasikan bahwa kualitas genteng Pacar Peluk masih kurang. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengidentifikasi dan menurunkan produk cacat pada proses produksi Genteng digunakan metode Six Sigma yang didukung oleh penerapan fase Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve dan Control (DMAIC) dan menggunakan pendekatan metode Taguchi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis DMAIC, didapatkan 5 CTQ (Critical To Quality) yaitu genteng retak, pecah, gopel, gosong dan keropos. Setting level optimal dari hasil eksperimen Taguchi, yaitu waktu proses pengeringan selama 8 jam, waktu pembakaran selama 9 jam, komposisi tanah liat:pasir (80%:20%) dan jumlah penggilingan sebanyak 3 kali. Dengan menggunakan setting level optimal tersebut, nilai level sigma meningkat pada setiap CTQ, terjadi penurunan persentase cacat dari 11,96% menjadi 6,88%, dan nilai QLF mengalami penurunan dari kondisi aktual

Effect of breed of ewe and management system on lamb and wool production (progress report)

The number of lambs marketed per ewe per year has been shown in a number of studies to be the most important single factor in determining total productivity of the ewe flock. Crossbred ewes are reported to have higher reproductive performance and superior maternal characteristics. Combining ewe breeds that have specific desirable strengths should result in a more productive crossbred ewe. Three breeds were chosen for their respective breed strengths: the Dorset for its long breeding season and· milking ability, the Finn for its prolificacy, and the Targhee for its hardiness and wool quality. The combination used in this study resulted in ewes that are 1 /4 Finn-1 /4 Dorset x 1 /2 Targhee (FDT). This combination results in a white-faced ewe of moderate frame size with a medium quality fleece. This study was designed to evaluate lifetime productivity of the FDT ewe compared to the straightbred Targhee ewe under range and farm flock conditions found in South Dakota

Human Intent Prediction Using Markov Decision Processes

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140661/1/1.i010090.pd