Efeito do uso do hCG na resposta estral de cabras Repartida submetidas à sincronização do estro: resultados parciais.

Objetivando avaliar o efeito de eCG e hCG em diferentes momentos num protocolo de sincronização de estro e inseminação artificial, 39 cabras Repartida foram submetidas a um protocolo de sincronização estral, recebendo, durante 10 dias, uma esponja intravaginal, impregnada com 60 mg de MAP. As cabras foram distribuídas da seguinte forma: os grupos eCG (n = 20) e hCG (n = 19) receberam i.m. 200 UI de eCG e hCG, respectivamente. As cabras do grupo eCG foram tratadas com este fármaco, 48 h antes (grupo eCG48h; n = 10) e no momento da retirada da esponja (grupo eCG0h; n = 10). Já as cabras do grupo hCG foram tratadas com este hormônio, no início do estro (grupo hCG-IE; n = 9) e no momento da inseminação artificial (grupo hCG-IA; n = 10). A detecção do estro foi feita a cada 4 horas, a partir de 12 horas após a retirada da esponja. Para análise estatística, foi utilizada a Análise de Variância, seguida do teste de Tukey. Os dados em porcentagem foram submetidos ao Qui-quadrado. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando P < 0,05

Effect of the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lentilactobacillus buchneri on corn and sorghum silage quality and sheep energy partition under tropical conditions.

This study aimed to evaluate the silage quality, ingestive behaviour, and sheep energy partition fed corn and sorghum silages, with or without inoculation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lentilactobacillus buchneri. Whole plants of one dent corn hybrid (DCS), one flint corn hybrid (FCS), and one forage sorghum hybrid (SS) were ensiled with or without an inoculant containing L. plantarum and L. buchneri (4?×?105?CFU?g?1), totalling six treatments (3?×?2 factorial scheme). The treatments were ensiled in metal drums with 200?L capacity. The lactic acid concentrations in the inoculated FCS and DCS were higher by 13.4% and 12.8%, respectively, than those in the non-inoculated plants. In contrast, the lactic acid concentration in the inoculated SS was 23.1% lower than that in the non-inoculated SS. Furthermore, there were differences in pH and acetic acid concentrations only in SS, which were 2.3% and 45.2% higher, respectively, in inoculated silage than in non-inoculated silage. In inoculated DCS and SS, propionic acid concentrations were 1.7 times higher (for both silages), and 1-propanol was 3.7 and 1.8 times higher compared than those in non-inoculated silages. There was a main effect of the inoculant on 1,2-propanediol concentrations, which were 37.5% higher in inoculated silages than in non-inoculated silages. However, ingestive behaviour, heat and methane production, and silage net energy concentrations were not affected by inoculant use. Fermentative modifications caused by inoculation with L. plantarum and L. buchneri in whole plant corn or sorghum silage did not modify sheep energy partition.First online

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de híbridos de sorgo granífero no sudoeste de Goiás.

O sorgo granífero é uma cultura de grande importância nos cultivos de segunda safra no Brasil Central, por apresentar tolerância ao estresse hídrico, condição inerente a este ambiente e por caracterizar como opção rentável aos agricultores. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estimar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de híbridos de sorgo granífero na safrinha em Rio Verde e Acreúna, Goiás. Foram instalados ensaios sob o sistema de plantio direto, na safrinha de 2014, no delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Foram avaliados 19 híbridos experimentais de sorgo granífero oriundos do programa de melhoramento genético da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, e três híbridos comerciais utilizados como testemunha. Cada parcela constituiu-se de duas fileiras de 5,0 metros de comprimento, espaçadas de 0,5 metros entre si, utilizando população de 200.000 plantas por hectare. As características avaliadas foram florescimento, altura de plantas, porcentagem de plantas acamadas e produtividade de grãos. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância individual e conjunta, e análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade pelos métodos de Eberhart & Russel e Lin & Binns. Os resultados obtidos permitiram constatar interação significativa entre genótipos x ambientes para todas as características avaliadas. Os híbridos 1167048, 1105661 e 1G244 associaram altas produtividades de grãos na maioria dos ambientes testados com aspectos favoráveis nas demais características avaliadas. Os híbridos 1168092 e 1167048 se destacaram em ambos os métodos de análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade

Levantamento de registros em herbários da espécie Gossypium barbadense em cinco países da América do Sul.

O Gossypium barbadense tem distribuição como espécie cultivada provavelmente em todos os países da América do Sul, enquanto na forma silvestre ocorre em poucos, incluindo Peru e Colômbia. O uso de ferramentas de informática para obtenção de dados de coleções biológicas tem sido crucial para quantificar a biodiversidade conhecida, e assim levantar regiões escassas de informações da biodiversidade. Este trabalho aborda a importância do conhecimento disponível em registros de herbários para identificação de ocorrência da espécie e de falhas de conservação

Genome-wide diversity and differentiation in New World populations of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.

BACKGROUND: The Americas were the last continent colonized by humans carrying malaria parasites. Plasmodium falciparum from the New World shows very little genetic diversity and greater linkage disequilibrium, compared with its African counterparts, and is clearly subdivided into local, highly divergent populations. However, limited available data have revealed extensive genetic diversity in American populations of another major human malaria parasite, P. vivax. METHODS: We used an improved sample preparation strategy and next-generation sequencing to characterize 9 high-quality P. vivax genome sequences from northwestern Brazil. These new data were compared with publicly available sequences from recently sampled clinical P. vivax isolates from Brazil (BRA, total n = 11 sequences), Peru (PER, n = 23), Colombia (COL, n = 31), and Mexico (MEX, n = 19). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS/CONCLUSIONS: We found that New World populations of P. vivax are as diverse (nucleotide diversity π between 5.2 × 10-4 and 6.2 × 10-4) as P. vivax populations from Southeast Asia, where malaria transmission is substantially more intense. They display several non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions (some of them previously undescribed) in genes known or suspected to be involved in antimalarial drug resistance, such as dhfr, dhps, mdr1, mrp1, and mrp-2, but not in the chloroquine resistance transporter ortholog (crt-o) gene. Moreover, P. vivax in the Americas is much less geographically substructured than local P. falciparum populations, with relatively little between-population genome-wide differentiation (pairwise FST values ranging between 0.025 and 0.092). Finally, P. vivax populations show a rapid decline in linkage disequilibrium with increasing distance between pairs of polymorphic sites, consistent with very frequent outcrossing. We hypothesize that the high diversity of present-day P. vivax lineages in the Americas originated from successive migratory waves and subsequent admixture between parasite lineages from geographically diverse sites. Further genome-wide analyses are required to test the demographic scenario suggested by our data

Seletividade do S-metolachlor aplicado em pós-emergência na cultura do sorgo.

Objetivou-se avaliar a seletividade da mistura formulada atrazine + S-metolachlor, aplicada na pós-emergência inicial da cultura, bem como a sua eficácia de controle sobre a comunidade infestante

Normas técnicas específicas para a produção integrada de cebola.

A publicação das Normas Técnicas da Cebola (NTE) disponibiliza um conjunto de normas e procedimentos para a cadeia produtiva da cebola com base nos conceitos de produção integrada, os quais asseguram elevada qualidade e produtividade para a cultura, com viabilidade econômica e social, proteção ao meio ambiente e qualidade alimentar

Head-to-tail and head-to-head molecular chains of poly(p-anisidine): Combined experimental and theoretical evaluation.

: Poly(p-anisidine) (PPA) is a polyaniline derivative presenting a methoxy (?OCH3) group at the para position of the phenyl ring. Considering the important role of conjugated polymers in novel technological applications, a systematic, combined experimental and theoretical investigation was performed to obtain more insight into the crystallization process of PPA. Conventional oxidative polymerization of p-anisidine monomer was based on a central composite rotational design (CCRD).The effects of the concentration of the monomer, ammonium persulfate (APS), and HCl on the percentage of crystallinity were considered. Several experimental techniques such as X-ray Diffraction(XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), multifractal analysis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(13C NMR), Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and complex impedance spectroscopyanalysis, in addition to Density Functional Theory (DFT), were employed to perform a systematic investigation of PPA. The experimental treatments resulted in different crystal structures with a percentage of crystallinity ranging from (29.2 ± 0.6)% (PPA1HT) to (55.1 ± 0.2)% (PPA16HT-HH). A broad halo in the PPA16HT-HH pattern from 2&#952; = 10.0?30.0&#9702;suggested a reduced crystallinity. Needle and globular-particle morphologies were observed in both samples; the needle morphology might have been related to the crystalline contribution. A multifractal analysis showed that the PPA surface became more complex when the crystallinity was reduced. The proposed molecular structures of PPA were supported by the high-resolution 13C NMR results, allowing us to access the percentage of head-to-tail (HT) and head-to-head (HH) molecular structures. When comparing the calculated and experimental FTIR spectra, the most pronounced changes were observed in &#957;(C?H), &#957;(N?H), &#957;(C?O), and &#957;(C?N?C) due to the influence of counterions on the polymer backbone as well as the different mechanisms of polymerization. Finally, a significant difference in the electrical conductivitywas observed in the range of 1.00 × 10&#8722;9 S.cm&#8722;1 and 3.90 × 10&#8722;14 S.cm&#8722;1, respectively, for PPA1HT and PPA16HT-HH

Effects of Citrus Sudden Death Disease on Fatty Acid Profile of Orange Tree Bark.

Citrus sudden death (CSD) is a disease that has affected millions of orange trees in Brazil, leading to economic losses in the order of billions of US dollars. This article examines the effects of CSD on the fatty acid composition of triacylglycerides (TAG) extracted from rootstock and scion bark. The fatty acid profile determined by gas chromatography showed a reduction in oleic and linolenic acids, and an increase in the saturated fatty acids and linoleic acid content, which was in line with the severity of CSD. The reduction in linolenic acid content was related to its role in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid, which is involved in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as senescence. These alterations in the fatty acid profile were also used to classify plants both with and without CSD symptoms by using chemometric means. This method represents an alternative to support the diagnosis of CSD diseas