Microcontroller Based Fire Alarm System Using Sensory and Monitoring System

Fire alarm system plays an important role in maintaining and monitoring the safe of all kind environments and situations. However the usability of many existing fire alarm system is well known but could he produce with high cost. Subsequently, it is not affordable for the low income users. This paper will discuss the design and implementation of a fire alarm system using the microcontroller which is been produced with low cost and with effective outcome. The outcome of this fire alarm system is almost the same compared to the existing fire alarm system in the market which is been produced with higher cost

Efficacy of RBC histogram in the diagnosis of morphological types of anaemia compared with peripheral smear

Background: Anaemia constitutes an important diagnostic and clinical category of haematological disorders. Along with peripheral smear histogram is used to interpret the abnormal RBC morphology. The present study is to find out the efficacy of RBC histogram in diagnosis of morphological types of anaemia. Methods: A total of 354 blood samples of adults >18 years, Hb <10 mg/dl included in the study conducted at Medical College, Kottayam. Peripheral smear evaluated for RBC morphology without referring to the histogram. RBC histogram from same sample analyzed separately. The results obtained, classified into 4 morphological types of anemia -Normocytic normochromic, microcytic hypochromic, macrocytic and hemolytic anemias. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated. Results: The major proportion of study is in the age group of 51-70. Major morphologic type in both, is normocytic. Concordant samples for normocytic - 161, microcytic- 97, macrocytic- 7, Hemolytic- 1. Histogram show more sensitivity and less specificity for normocytic. Microcytic has less sensitivity, more specificity. Macrocytic showed >90% sensitivity and specificity. Hemolytic has less sensitivity, more specificity. Overall sensitivity is 75%. Conclusions: Histogram is efficient in detecting normocytic and microcytic anaemia. In macrocytic anaemia among 40 cases detected by histogram only 7 showed concordance because histogram may detect slight variation in morphology not appreciable on light microscopy. In haemolytic anaemia only one case detected by histogram. The discordance is due to low sample size

FCGR3B copy number variation is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus risk in Afro-Caribbeans.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate FCGR3B copy number variation (CNV) in African and European populations and to determine if FCGR3B copy number is associated with SLE and SLE nephritis risk in Afro-Caribbeans, adjusting for African genetic ancestry. METHODS: We estimated FCGR3B to determine if there were ethnic variations in CNV (unrelated unadmixed Europeans and Africans). We then examined CNV at FCGR3B in relation to SLE and SLE nephritis within a case-control collection of 134 cases of SLE (37 with SLE nephritis) and 589 population controls of mainly Afro-Caribbean descent resident in Trinidad. RESULTS: We found a significant difference in copy number FCGR3B distribution between unadmixed African and European UK cohorts, with 27 (29%) vs 3 (5%) for those with low (0 or 1) copy FCGR3B, respectively, P = 0.002. In a Trinidadian SLE case-control study, low FCGR3B CNV was associated with SLE risk 1.7 (95% CI 1.1, 2.8), P = 0.02, which remained after adjustment for African genetic ancestry; odds ratios (ORs) 1.7 (95% CI 1.0, 2.8), P = 0.04. CONCLUSION: Our studies suggest that FCGR3B low copy number is associated with SLE risk in Afro-Caribbean populations independently of CNV due to African ancestry

Bypassing Health Centers in Tanzania: Revealed Preferences for Observable and Unobservable

When patients bypass on one health facility to seek health care at another, strong preference are revealed. This paper advances the view that the patterns of bypassing observed in Iringa Rural district in Tanzania show evidence of patients understanding of various measures of quality at the facilities that they visit and bypass. Importantly some of these measures are "unobservable", meaning that we do not expect patients to be able to evaluate whether or not these types of quality are present just from visiting a center. We use two data sets on various features of health facilities including consultation quality and prescription quality as evaluated by a team of clinicians. This is matched with data collected from health center registers that included the symptoms of patients and the village they traveled from. The register data is transformed into a patient-based sample and we use a multinomial/conditional logit regression on patient choice of provider to show the relationship between patient behavior and objective measure of technical quality in the health facilities. Patients seek facilities that provide high quality consultations, are staffed by more knowledgeable physicians, observe prescription practices and are polite. They avoid facilities that use injections too liberally or over-prescribe medicatio

Bypassing health centers in Tanzania: Revealed preferences for observable and unobservable quality

When patients bypass one health facility to seek health care at another, strong preferences are revealed. This paper advances the view that the patterns of bypassing observed in Iringa Rural district in Tanzania show evidence of patients' understanding of various measures of quality at the facilities that they visit and bypass. Importantly some of these measures are 'unobservable,' meaning that we do not expect patients to be able to evaluate whether or not these types of quality are present just from visiting a center. We use two data sets on various features of health facilities including consultation quality and prescription quality as evaluated by a team of clinicians. This is matched with data collected from health center registers that included the symptoms of patients and the village they traveled from. The register data is transformed into a patient-based sample and we use a multinomial/conditional logit regression on patient choice of provider to show the relationship between patient behavior and objective measure of technical quality in the health facilities. Patients seek facilities that provide high quality consultations, are staffed by more knowledgeable physicians, observe prescription practices, and are polite. They avoid facilities that use injections too liberally or over-prescribe medication

A study on the effect of adenoidectomy with tonsillectomy in otitis media with effusion in children

Background: The aural symptoms attributed to adenoid hypertrophy are Eustachian tube block (ET) and otitis media with effusion (OME). It is thought that adenoid hypertrophy causes a block in air flow through the ET, thus creating a negative pressure in the middle ear leading to effusion which acts as a focus of infection. The role of hypertrophied tonsils in the aetiology of OME is controversial. Adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy and associated inflammation continue to be a major problem in paediatric age group despite the advances in medicine. Otitis media with effusion is a treatable cause of deafness which may hamper the learning ability of a child. This study was undertaken to study the effect of adenoidectomy with tonsillectomy on established otitis media with effusion in children.Methods: 35 children presenting to the department of ENT, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India over one and a half years with features suggestive of secretory otitis media, tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy who underwent adenoidectomy with tonsillectomy in Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire was prepared which included details on clinical symptoms, relevant investigations and preoperative and postoperative evaluation of hearing after 6 weeks and 3 months. Data collected was analyzed using paired t-test and chi square test to determine the improvement in hearing after 6 weeks and 3 months following surgery.Results: Out of the 35 children included in the study, it was seen that 56% of cases, after 6 weeks showed complete resolution of OME which improved to 67% after 3 months. This was assessed by PTA and tympanometry. 33% showed partial improvement with Type C curve in tympanometry and improvement in PTA values.Conclusions: All cases of OME associated with adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy responded to our treatment with 67% showing complete cure of the condition. It can be assumed that, in the 33% partial responders there may be other factors like allergy, anatomical deformities, immunological which prevented the complete resolution of symptoms in OME.

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Jumlah Pengunjung Pantai Wisata Tanjung Kasuari di Kota Sorong

  This study aims to determine what factors influence the choice of the most dominant traveled to the Cassowary Coast Cape Town Tourism Sorong and analyze and determine how much influence each of these factors. The number of visitors allegedly influenced by education (manager skills), comfort, and facilities available and local government cooperation with tourist sites owners. By using methods of descriptive analysis of 120 samples, the results showed that the level penelitin site visit Cape Tourism Cassowary Coast in Sorong influenced by the quality of care received visitors. Meanwhile, three other factors, namely the level of education (manager skills), comfort and facilities had no effect on the number of visitors to the location of Cape Tourism Cassowary Coast. This is caused by other factors that cause visitors still visit the tourist sites of which means that this location has general more adequate, the location of the Cassowary Coast Tourism Cape wider when compared with other coastal tourist locations, the availability of food. Government efforts in this regard Sorong City Tourism Office to organize the management of Cape Tourism Cassowary Coast location is still hampered tenure personal and family claimed. Therefore, the government attempts to do only limit cooperation with the manager through management training tourist sites