The solar influence on the probability of relatively cold UK winters in the future

Recent research has suggested that relatively cold UK winters are more common when solar activity is low (Lockwood et al 2010 Environ. Res. Lett. 5 024001). Solar activity during the current sunspot minimum has fallen to levels unknown since the start of the 20th century (Lockwood 2010 Proc. R. Soc. A 466 303–29) and records of past solar variations inferred from cosmogenic isotopes (Abreu et al 2008 Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 L20109) and geomagnetic activity data (Lockwood et al 2009 Astrophys. J. 700 937–44) suggest that the current grand solar maximum is coming to an end and hence that solar activity can be expected to continue to decline. Combining cosmogenic isotope data with the long record of temperatures measured in central England, we estimate how solar change could influence the probability in the future of further UK winters that are cold, relative to the hemispheric mean temperature, if all other factors remain constant. Global warming is taken into account only through the detrending using mean hemispheric temperatures. We show that some predictive skill may be obtained by including the solar effect

Design of a neutron monitor for measurements in space scientific report no. 1

Neutron detection system for space measurement

Interband Light Absorption at a Rough Interface

Light absorption at the boundary of indirect-band-gap and direct-forbidden gap semiconductors is analyzed. It is found that the possibility of the electron momentum nonconservation at the interface leads to essential enhancement of absorption in porous and microcrystalline semiconductors. The effect is more pronounced at a rough boundary due to enlargement of the share of the interface atoms.Comment: LATEX, 19 pages, 4 PostScript figure

Tests of sunspot number sequences: 2. Using geomagnetic and auroral data

We compare four sunspot-number data sequences against geomagnetic and terrestrial auroral observations. The comparisons are made for the original SIDC (Solar Influences Data Center) composite of Wolf/Zürich/International sunspot number [RISNv1], the group sunspot number [RG] by Hoyt and Schatten (Solar Phys., 181, 491, 1998), the new “backbone” group sunspot number [RBB] by Svalgaard and Schatten (Solar Phys., doi: 10.1007/s11207-015-0815-8, 2016), and the “corrected” sunspot number [RC] by Lockwood, Owens, and Barnard (J. Geophys. Res., 119, 5172, 2014). Each sunspot number is fitted with terrestrial observations, or parameters derived from terrestrial observations to be linearly proportional to sunspot number, over a 30-year calibration interval of 1982 - 2012. The fits are then used to compute test sequences, which extend further back in time and which are compared to RISNv1, RG, RBB, and RC. To study the long-term trends, comparisons are made using averages over whole solar cycles (minimum-to-minimum). The test variations are generated in four ways: i) using the IDV(1d) and IDV geomagnetic indices (for 1845 - 2013) fitted over the calibration interval using the various sunspot numbers and the phase of the solar cycle; ii) from the open solar flux (OSF) generated for 1845 - 2013 from four pairings of geomagnetic indices by Lockwood et al. (Ann. Geophys., 32, 383, 2014) and analysed using the OSF continuity model of Solanki, Schüssler, and Fligge (Nature, 408, 445, 2000) which employs a constant fractional OSF loss rate; iii) the same OSF data analysed using the OSF continuity model of Owens and Lockwood (J. Geophys. Res., 117, A04102, 2012) in which the fractional loss rate varies with the tilt of the heliospheric current sheet and hence with the phase of the solar cycle; iv) the occurrence frequency of low-latitude aurora for 1780 - 1980 from the survey of Legrand and Simon (Ann. Geophys., 5, 161, 1987). For all cases, RBB exceeds the test terrestrial series by an amount that increases as one goes back in time

Intraorbital foreign body detection and localisation by radiographers: a preliminary JAFROC observer performance study

Introduction - The purpose of this study was to run a preliminary investigation to establish if a short course of learning would increase radiographers’ performance in intraorbital foreign body (IOFB) detection and localisation on pre-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) orbital computed radiographs (CR). Method - A multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) human observer study was performed. Fifteen radiographers from 5 hospitals participated. Each radiographer reviewed a pre- and post-training image bank and was instructed to identify the presence or absence of IOFBs, indicating the lesion location on each case whilst scoring the detection using a confidence index on a 5-point scale, for 30 orbital radiographs. The results were analysed using a Jackknife free-response receiver operating characteristic (JAFROC2 equal weighted) methodology. Results -The performance of the radiographers demonstrated a statistically significant difference after a short period of training in the detection of IOFBs on orbital radiographs (F (1,14)= 12.99, df = 14.0, p = 0.0029). The JAFROC2 analysis averaged figure of merit (FOM) for the radiographers was 0.818 (95% CI 0.769, 0.867) pre-training and 0.920 (95% CI 0.891, 0.950) post-training. Conclusion - These results suggest that with a short programme of learning in image interpretation for IOFBs in orbital radiographs, radiographers should be able to achieve a high level of accuracy in the identification and localisation of IOFBs prior to MRI examination

The Influence of the Maternal Infant Health Outreach Program on Child Development: Through the Eyes of Moms and Home Visitors

MIHOW, the Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker Program, is a parent-to-parent home visitation program that aims to enhance early childhood development in economically disadvantaged and geographically isolated families with children from birth to three. This qualitative case study conducted in two rural Appalachian counties examined the perceptions and experiences of moms and home visitors regarding the influence MIHOW has on child development. Findings were interpreted in relation to extant literature on the prevention of developmental delays. Five themes emerged from the data. The first theme related to the developmental checklists and screening materials and moms’ understanding of how the checklists related to monthly growth and development. The second theme related to how moms characterize home visitors as “like a friend,” and the nature of peer relationships between home visitors and moms. The third theme was related to the frequency, consistency, and scheduling of home visits. The fourth theme related to concerns associated with lack of transportation and how this created a barrier for moms connecting with community resources. A lack of attention to social-emotional development was the fifth theme. The findings provide evidence that the program is helpful to parents in preventing, identifying, and treating developmental delays related to cognitive, physical, and communication. The program was not as effective with moms in preventing delays related to social-emotional

Alien Registration- Lockwood, Addie L. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/21944/thumbnail.jp

Texas Business Review, January 1976

The Business Situation in Texas; The Last Hundred Years; The Next Hundred Years; Electric Funds Transference: Development and Prospects; Texas Construction: Four Decades of ChangeBureau of Business Researc

Organizational learning--from information to knowledge

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-53).by Charles L. Forbes.M.S

Cosmic ray modulation of infra-red radiation in the atmosphere

Cosmic rays produce molecular cluster ions as they pass through the lower atmosphere. Neutral molecular clusters such as dimers and complexes are expected to make a small contribution to the radiative balance, but atmospheric absorption by charged clusters has not hitherto been observed. In an atmospheric experiment, a narrowband thermopile filter radiometer centred on 9.15 {\mu}m, an absorption band previously associated with infra-red absorption of molecular cluster ions, was used to monitor changes following events identified by a cosmic ray telescope sensitive to high-energy (>400 MeV) particles, principally muons. The average change in longwave radiation in this absorption band due to molecular cluster ions is 7 mWm sup{-2}. The integrated atmospheric energy density for each event is 2 Jm sup{-2}, representing an amplification factor of 10 sup{12} compared to the estimated energy density of a typical air shower. This absorption is expected to occur continuously and globally, but calculations suggest that it has only a small effect on climate