50 research outputs found
Roadmap on perovskite light-emitting diodes
In recent years, the field of metal-halide perovskite emitters has rapidly emerged as a new community in solid-state lighting. Their exceptional optoelectronic properties have contributed to the rapid rise in external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) from <1% (in 2014) to over 30% (in 2023) across a wide range of wavelengths. However, several challenges still hinder their commercialization, including the relatively low EQEs of blue/white devices, limited EQEs in large-area devices, poor device stability, as well as the toxicity of the easily accessible lead components and the solvents used in the synthesis and processing of PeLEDs. This roadmap addresses the current and future challenges in PeLEDs across fundamental and applied research areas, by sharing the community’s perspectives. This work will provide the field with practical guidelines to advance PeLED development and facilitate more rapid commercialization
Synthesis and Electrochemical Property of LiMn2O4 Porous Hollow Nanofiber as Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Cyclophilin A Restricts Influenza A Virus Replication through Degradation of the M1 Protein
Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a typical member of the cyclophilin family of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases and is involved in the replication of several viruses. Previous studies indicate that CypA interacts with influenza virus M1 protein and impairs the early stage of the viral replication. To further understand the molecular mechanism by which CypA impairs influenza virus replication, a 293T cell line depleted for endogenous CypA was established. The results indicated that CypA inhibited the initiation of virus replication. In addition, the infectivity of influenza virus increased in the absence of CypA. Further studies indicated that CypA had no effect on the stages of virus genome replication or transcription and also did not impair the nuclear export of the viral mRNA. However, CypA decreased the viral protein level. Additional studies indicated that CypA enhanced the degradation of M1 through the ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent pathway. Our results suggest that CypA restricts influenza virus replication through accelerating degradation of the M1 protein
Roadmap on Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes
In recent years, the field of metal-halide perovskite emitters has rapidly
emerged as a new community in solid-state lighting. Their exceptional
optoelectronic properties have contributed to the rapid rise in external
quantum efficiencies (EQEs) in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) from
<1% (in 2014) to approaching 30% (in 2023) across a wide range of wavelengths.
However, several challenges still hinder their commercialization, including the
relatively low EQEs of blue/white devices, limited EQEs in large-area devices,
poor device stability, as well as the toxicity of the easily accessible lead
components and the solvents used in the synthesis and processing of PeLEDs.
This roadmap addresses the current and future challenges in PeLEDs across
fundamental and applied research areas, by sharing the community's
perspectives. This work will provide the field with practical guidelines to
advance PeLED development and facilitate more rapid commercialization.Comment: 103 pages, 29 figures. This is the version of the article before peer
review or editing, as submitted by an author to Journal of Physics:
Photonics. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions
in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from i
Evaluation of performance and impacts of maternal and child health hospital services using Data Envelopment Analysis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China: a comparison study among poverty and non-poverty county level hospitals
Graphene-enhanced visible-light photocatalysis of large-sized CdS particles for wastewater treatment
Redox Chemistry Dominates the Degradation and Decomposition of Metal Halide Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices
We
report a comprehensive study of the chemistry of perovskite
optoelectronic device degradation and show that redox reactions are
fundamental to the degradation process for CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>, CsPbI<sub>3</sub>, and CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskites
with Ag, Al, Yb, or Cr contacts. Using in situ X-ray diffraction measurements,
we study the chemistry of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite devices equipped with Al electrodes; we find that Al<sup>0</sup> rapidly reduces Pb<sup>2+</sup> to Pb<sup>0</sup>, converting
CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> first to (CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>PbI<sub>6</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O and
then to CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>I. In situ scanning electron microscopy
measurements show that moisture enables continued reaction of the
Al and perovskite layers by facilitating ion diffusion, before serving
as a decomposition reagent for the perovskite film. Redox reactions
follow what is expected based on standard electrochemical potentials
for Al, Cr, and Yb; for Ag, the redox chemistry is enabled by the
presence of iodide. We emphasize that critical chemical reactions
can stem from <i>intrinsic interfacial interactions between the
layers</i> in a device and not necessarily from external agents;
degradation studies must consider the device as an entity, rather
than focusing only on the stability of perovskite films
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Cyclophilin A-regulated ubiquitination is critical for RIG-I-mediated antiviral immune responses
RIG-I is a key cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that interacts with MAVS to induce type I interferons (IFNs) against RNA virus infection. In this study, we found that cyclophilin A (CypA), a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, functioned as a critical positive regulator of RIG-I-mediated antiviral immune responses. Deficiency of CypA impaired RIG-I-mediated type I IFN production and promoted viral replication in human cells and mice. Upon Sendai virus infection, CypA increased the interaction between RIG-I and its E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25, leading to enhanced TRIM25-mediated K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I that facilitated recruitment of RIG-I to MAVS. In addition, CypA and TRIM25 competitively interacted with MAVS, thereby inhibiting TRIM25-induced K48-linked ubiquitination of MAVS. Taken together, our findings reveal an essential role of CypA in boosting RIG-I-mediated antiviral immune responses by controlling the ubiquitination of RIG-I and MAVS