Naming Racism: A Conceptual Look at Internalized Racism in US Schools

Internalized racism describes the conscious and unconscious acceptance of a racial hierarchy where whites are consistently ranked above People of Color. Although scholars across multiple disciplines have discussed this concept, the role of schools in instilling and perpetuating internalized racism within Students of Color has very rarely been examined. This paper is a conceptual piece that utilizes a Critical Race Theory framework to acknowledge the racialized experiences within classroom pedagogy, curriculum, and unequal school resources. We examine how these factors can negatively affect racial group-identity and contribute to internalized racism for Students of Color. Because internalized racism works to sustain educational and social inequity, this paper also explores ways that schools can function to break this cycle

Resultados da XIª, XIIª, XIIIª e XIVª coleção para avaliação e coleta de ferrugem do colmo e ferrugem da folha do trigo 1998-2001.

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Dietary beliefs and eating patterns influence metabolic health in type 2 diabetes: A clinic-based study in urban North India

Background: Almost 15% of India\u27s urban adult populace now lives with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to characterize the eating patterns, knowledge, beliefs, and determinants of food choice, and assess associations with the metabolic health among urban Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 258 individuals (mean age 55.7 ± 10 years; body mass index 27.1 ± 4.8 kg/m 2 ; diabetes duration 10.1 ± 6.5 years) attending two out-patient clinics in New Delhi, India. Food-related information was collected during a semi-structured interview. Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data were recorded. Results: Beliefs related to health and diabetes played a role determining food choice and dietary patterns; erroneous views were associated with the poor food choices and greater metabolic perturbations. Average consumption of fruits/vegetables was low. Intakes were positively associated with intentions to manage diabetes; inversely associated with the waist circumference and negatively correlated with one\u27s degree of personal responsibility for food choice. Household saturated fat usage was common. High fat intakes were positively associated with the taste preference, ratings of perceived "health-value;" waist circumference, glycosylated haemoglobin percentage (HbA1c%) and lipids. Conclusions: Strategies to enhance diabetes control among Asian Indians are required and should encourage fruit/vegetable intake, personal accountability, and consider individual beliefs and preferences. Greater emphasis and resources directed to regular dietary and behavioral counseling may assist.

Pre-Harvest Sprouting Tolerance in 36 Bread Wheat Genotypes

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), promoted by rainfall during crop maturity, is a high problem in many wheat-producing regions of the world. Considering its importance in Brazil, 36 national and international varieties and advanced lines of wheat were evaluated for their tolerance to PHS. For this purpose, two experiments were conducted over three years. Seed pericarp rupture was used as an indicator of the beginning of germination. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, the Scott-Knott test, and the Lin and Binns method. The wide range of germination percentage values allowed the genotypes to be classified as tolerant (in experiment 1 - ND 674 and Grandin*2/RL 4137 and experiment 2 - Frontana and Grandin) and moderately tolerant (Alsen, CD 114, and Milan/3/Attila//Fang 69/CIMMYT 3 in Experiment 1; Avante, BRS 177, IAC 5-Maringá, Onix, OR 1, RL 4137, and Rubi in Experiment 2). Because tolerance to PHS is under genetic control and can be improved through breeding programs, the challenge for wheat breeders is to combine increased PHS tolerance with other requirements to meet market demands

A Note on the Determination of Ricochet Trace of Small arms Ammunition

A method of obtaining the relationship between various parameters governing the ricochet phenomenon of a projectile has been described. The experimental procedures for determining such parameters and their use have also been discussed

Estimation of micro-flora associated with different stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)

The bacterial flora occurring in muscle, haemolymph, hepatopancreas and gill of brood, juveniles, water, eggs, larvae and rearing water were estimated by selective plate count technique for Entrobacteriaceae, Streptococaceae and Vibrionaceae members. The total viable bacterial count was estimated by total plate count technique on nutrient agar. The total viable counts of bacteria were lowest in water from 6.10x10² CFU/mL) and highest in egg (6.06x10super(8) CFU/g). In brood the total counts were varying from 1.62x10² CFU/g in muscle to 2.20x10super(5) CFU/g in gills. In juveniles, the total plate counts were varying from 2.8x10super(4) CFU/g in muscles to 3.67x10 super(8) CFU/g in hepatopancreas. Selective plate counts show that Enterobacteriaceae members dominate in egg and gills of brood and hepatopancreas of juveniles. Vibrios were found to be dominant in water and larvae of rearing tank. Haemolymph of brood was sterile and did not contain any bacteria while muscle of juvenile was having very low count of total viable bacteria

Comparative study of amlodipine versus ramipril and their effects on markers of renal disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition and patients require long treatment for it. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of amlodipine and ramipril on the blood pressure and markers of renal disease (viz. serum creatinine, albuminuria and eGFR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This was a randomized, open labelled, parallel study conducted to assess the effect of Amlodipine (2.5-10 mg) and Ramipril (2.5-10 mg) daily for 24 weeks in T2DM patients (n=103). Patients were recruited from department of Medicine OPD/Ward in the GGS Hospital and Medical College, Faridkot. Subjects in the age group of 30- 80 years who had T2DM with or without hypertension were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups viz. Group A (n=51, amlodipine 2.5 to 10 mg/day) and Group B (n=52, ramipril 2.5 to 10mg/day). Patients were evaluated at day 0 and then at 12 and 24 weeks for Blood pressure, S. Creatinine, albuminuria, eGFR and other routine investigations.Results: At 24 weeks SBP, DBP and MAP values were decreased significantly in both the groups (p 0.05) in Ramipril group. eGFR was decreased (9.73%, p <0.01) in Amlodipine group while increased in Ramipril group (10.29%, p<0.01 %).Conclusions: Both amlodipine and ramipril are equally efficacious in improving SBP, DBP and MAP in T2DM patients. Whereas, ramipril is also improves the markers/predictors of renal disease (viz. serum creatinine, albumin level in urine and eGFR) in T2DM patients, furthermore, it is having renoprotective action in an addition to lowering raised blood pressure which is useful to treat diabetic nephropathy cases

Magneto-optical Kerr Effect Studies of Square Artificial Spin Ice

We report a magneto-optical Kerr effect study of the collective magnetic response of artificial square spin ice, a lithographically-defined array of single-domain ferromagnetic islands. We find that the anisotropic inter-island interactions lead to a non-monotonic angular dependence of the array coercive field. Comparisons with micromagnetic simulations indicate that the two perpendicular sublattices exhibit distinct responses to island edge roughness, which clearly influence the magnetization reversal process. Furthermore, such comparisons demonstrate that disorder associated with roughness in the island edges plays a hitherto unrecognized but essential role in the collective behavior of these systems.Comment: Physical Review B, Rapid Communications (in press