Comment on bilateral same-session intravitreal injections

Comment and Respons

Kinetically induced low-temperature synthesis of Nb3Sn thin films

Nb3Sn thin films are promising candidates for future application in superconducting radio frequency cavities due to their low surface resistivity, high critical temperature, and critical field, as compared to bulk niobium, which is the current state of the art. In this paper, we report the deposition of Nb3Sn thin films by magnetron co-sputtering at the extremely low temperature of 435 degrees C. These thin films show a critical temperature of 16.3 K, a high critical current density of 1.60 x 10(5) A/cm(2), and a strong shielding effect. The key to achieving low-temperature growth is the independent kinetic control of Nb and Sn species in the sputtering process. From a technological viewpoint, the low-temperature approach paves the way for the use of Nb3Sn as a coating in cryogenic efficient copper based cavities, thereby avoiding the detrimental interdiffusion of Cu

Evaluation of cell and DNA damage induced by panoramic radiography

Background: X-rays are potential mutagenic agents that can cause both the gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. Aims: In this study, the micronucleus (MN) test and the comet assay methods are implemented in order to observe the damage that can occur in the cell nucleus and in the structure of DNA of the patients who underwent a panoramic examination. Methods and Materials: In our study, buccal mucosa swabs were obtained just before the radiography and 2 weeks after the radiography from 30 volunteer patients who had to take radiographs due to dental diagnosis. Changes in the nuclei of 1,000 cells of each swab sample had been counted under a light microscope and recorded. Besides, 100 cells of each other swab samples were analyzed by the comet assay. Comet assay parameters namely tail length and percentage of DNA in tail, which indicate the level of DNA damage were analyzed and compared in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (Version 21). Results: In our study, the results of percentage of DNA in tail and tail length before and after X-ray exposure were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Likewise, increase in the MN frequency observed in buccal mucosa cells after X-ray exposure was found significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: As a result, panoramic radiographs taken during dental diagnosis and treatment cause cytotoxicity and DNA damage in oral mucosal cells. Panoramic radiographs should be applied only when necessary, using an accurate radiographic technique and radioprotection criteria

The effect of povidone iodine on the corneal endothelium

Purpose. Povidone iodine has been proven to be a valuable antiseptic solution in preparing the eye for surgery and is an alternative to postoperative topical antibiotics. No study has addressed the intraocular toxicity of povidone iodine after injection into the anterior chamber. We investigated the potential toxicity of povidone iodine on the corneal endothelium after injections into the anterior chamber in a rabbit model. Methods. In this study we used 24 eyes of 12 albino rabbits. The eyes were divided into the following three groups according to the drugs tested: group A, 5% povidone iodine; group B, 10% povidone iodine; group C, balanced salt solution. The injected eyes were evaluated by biomicroscopy, specular microscopy, corneal pachymetry, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Results. Corneal edema was observed in all eyes of groups A and B. In groups A and C, the endothelial cell morphology was not significantly changed and the mean endothelial cell count of the eyes did not change significantly (p = 0.5054). There was no significant difference in corneal thickness between groups A and C (p = 0.3823), but there was a significant difference between groups B and C (p = 0.0002). Transmission and scanning electron microscopy results were normal in group C but not in groups A and B. Conclusion. Povidone iodine in both 5% and 10% concentrations demonstrates severe toxicity when one drop of either concentration is placed directly in the anterior chamber. When povidone iodine is used in preparing the eye for intraocular surgery and as an alternative to postoperative antibiotics, the inadvertent leakage of povidone iodine into the anterior chamber must definitely be prevented