Method of characteristics and solution of DGLAP evolution equation in leading order (LO) and next to leading order (NLO) at small-x

In this paper the singlet and non-singlet structure functions have been obtained by solving Dokshitzer, Gribove, Lipatov, Alterelli, Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations in leading order (LO) and next to leading order (NLO) at the small x limit. Here we have used a Taylor Series expansion and then the method of characteristics to solve the evolution equations. We have also calculated t and x-evolutions of deuteron structure function and the results are compared with the New Muon Collaboration (NMC) data.Comment: 16 pages including 7 figure

Productivity, profitability and energy budgeting of maize (Zea mays)/ greengram (Vigna radiata) intercropping system under rainfed conditions of Eastern Himalayan Region

A field experiment was conducted at Nagaland during 2009 and 2010 to study the productivity, profitability and energy budgeting of maize [Zea mays (L.)]/greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Witczek] intercropping system under rainfed conditions of Eastern Himalayan Region on a sandy loam soil. There was significant superiority in growth and yield attributes as well as yield of maize (3.37 tonnes/ha) and greengram (1.34 tonnes/ha) under sole cropping as compared to their intercropping system. Maize equivalent yield (5.64 tonnes/ha) land equivalent ratio (1.43), Area Time Equivalency Ratio (1.19), Land Equivalent Coefficient (0.49), and Monetary Advantage Indices (` 3 273) was significantly higher with intercropping system (1:1, closely followed by 1:2 ratio) over other intercropping system under study. Moreover, higher Crop Performance Ratio (3.81) was recorded with 1:3 maize–greengram intercropping system. Intercropping system recorded the higher net return and B: C ratio as compared to either of the sole cropping. Among different row proportions, 1:1 row ratio recorded maximum energy efficiency (19.1) and energy productivity (1569.4 g/MJ) than other intercropping system

Response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars to integrated nutrient management on productivity, profitability and nutrient uptake in NEH Region

A field experiment was conducted at Nagaland during 2009 and 2010 to study the response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to integrated nutrient management on productivity, profitability and nutrient uptake in NEH Region on a sandy loam soil. Among the cultivars, FeSEG 10 recorded significantly higher growth, yield attributes and pod yield as compared to JL 24 and FeSEG 8. Nutrients uptake (N, P and K) and nutrients use efficiency was significantly higher under ICGS 76 followed by FeSEG 10 and FeSEG 8. The highest net returns, B: C ratio and crop profitability were recorded with FeSEG 10 followed by ICGS 76. The results showed significant increase in all yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and economics due to the application of 75% N through inorganic fertilizers + 25% N through FYM followed by 100% N through inorganic fertilizers

Integrated Farming System: An ideal approach for developing more economically and environmentally sustainable farming systems for the Eastern Himalayan Region

The present work was carried out at Chandel Khullen village of Chandel hill district of Manipur during 2010-11 to 2012-13. The average holding size of the farmer was 1.33 ha in 2010-11, 1.96 ha in 2011-12 and 2.21 ha in 2012-13. The tribal farmer adopted seven components, i e crop production, vegetables, fruits, piggery, backyard poultry, fishery and water management as suggested by ICAR Manipur Centre. In 2010-11, the paddy yield was 3.5 tonnes/ha as compared to 4.79 tonnes/ha in 2012-13. It was mainly due to adoption of improved package and practices. The cabbage and onion yield increased by 103 and 54 per cent, respectively after adoption of improved cultivation methods under integrated farming system. Similarly, the papaya and banana production was increased by 275 and 270 per cent. There was marked increase in pork, chicken, egg and fish production. In 2012-13, this system also provided significantly higher Rs per Re invested than that of the other 2010-11. In Manipur, women’s participation is more in farming system rather than men. In the same way, this farming system also gives more opportunity to women to engage in agriculture farming. Thus integrated farming system provides new venture for employment and sustainable development of livelihood for North Eastern people. The overall result revealed that the improved practices with different crop and animal components are an excellent approach for sustainable production, income generation and employment opportunity for the small and marginal rural households of Manipur

A global reference database of crowdsourced cropland data collected using the Geo-Wiki platform

A global reference data set on cropland was collected through a crowdsourcing campaign using the Geo-Wiki crowdsourcing tool. The campaign lasted three weeks, with over 80 participants from around the world reviewing almost 36,000 sample units, focussing on cropland identification. For quality assessment purposes, two additional data sets are provided. The first is a control set of 1,793 sample locations validated by students trained in satellite image interpretation. This data set was used to assess the quality of the crowd as the campaign progressed. The second data set contains 60 expert validations for additional evaluation of the quality of the contributions. All data sets are split into two parts: the first part shows all areas classified as cropland and the second part shows cropland average per location and user. After further processing, the data presented here might be suitable to validate and compare medium and high resolution cropland maps generated using remote sensing. These could also be used to train classification algorithms for developing new maps of land cover and cropland extent

A global reference database of crowdsourced cropland data collected using the Geo-Wiki platform

A global reference data set on cropland was collected through a crowdsourcing campaign using the Geo-Wiki crowdsourcing tool. The campaign lasted three weeks, with over 80 participants from around the world reviewing almost 36,000 sample units, focussing on cropland identification. For quality assessment purposes, two additional data sets are provided. The first is a control set of 1,793 sample locations validated by students trained in satellite image interpretation. This data set was used to assess the quality of the crowd as the campaign progressed. The second data set contains 60 expert validations for additional evaluation of the quality of the contributions. All data sets are split into two parts: the first part shows all areas classified as cropland and the second part shows cropland average per location and user. After further processing, the data presented here might be suitable to validate and compare medium and high resolution cropland maps generated using remote sensing. These could also be used to train classification algorithms for developing new maps of land cover and cropland extent

Reusable Fe2O3-nanoparticle catalysed efficient and selective hydroboration of carbonyl compounds

The first Fe2O3-nanoparticle catalysed hydroboration of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and ketones with HBpin (pin = OCMe2CMe2O) is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions (room temperature) and is moderately sensitive to air. This process is applicable to a broad range of substrates with high functional group compatibility. Moreover, aldehydes are selectively hydroborated over other reducible functional groups, such as ketone, nitrile, hydroxide, alkene, amide, ester, nitro and halide groups

First-principles real-space study of electronic and optical excitations in rutile TiO2 nanocrystals.

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EFFECTS OF ORGANIC MANURES, CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF RAINFED POTATO IN THE EASTERN HIMALAYAS

The experiment was conducted to study the influence of application of different proportions of farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and vermicompost (VC) in combination with inorganic fertilizers along with seed treatment with biofertilizers on growth and productivity of rainfed potato. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with eight nutrient management treatments in main plots and three biofertilizers (Azotobactor, PSB and Azotobactor + PSB) treatments in subplots. Shoot number, plant height, leaf area index (LAI), dry mater accumulation, dry mater partitioning, tuber yield The results showed that fertility treatments increased tuber yield by 32-90% in 2005, 29-79% in 2006 and 32-80% in 2007 over control plots. The best treatment combination was with application of 50% RDNPK through inorganic fertilizers and 50% RDN through PM along with combination of Azotobactor + PSB. The best treatment tuber yield were recorded 229.19, 238.12 and 240.07 q ha −1 in the year 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively

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Not AvailableFive sunflower hybrids and a variety were evaluated in four different centres of North Eastern Hill (NEH) regions to study their suitability in terms of growth, yield and oil content to tap the potential rice fallow areas in NEH regions (Jharnapani, Medziphema, Tadong, and Lembucherra). Uniform layout was adopted at four locations to conduct field trials with RBD design. The soils of the region except Lembucherra were found to be acidic (ranged between 4.6 and 5.7 pH) and therefore requires regular lime application for obtaining high seed yields of sunflower. The location Tadong was on high altitude (1300 m MSL) and recorded less number of average sunshine hours (2.5 hours/day) during the sunflower crop period was responsible for lanky growth of sunflower with low oil content. However, Lembucherra was highly suitable for growing sunflower as weather conditions were highly favourable. Further, assessment of various growth and yield parameters it was found that average yield of sunflower in Tadong location was the highest (1814 kg/ha) but had low average oil content (28.6%) and attained average maturity in 135 days. While Lembucherra centre recorded seed yield of 1532 kg/ha with average oil content of 37.1 per cent and found to complete crop cycle at the earliest over other centres by attaining maturity on an average in 113 days. Among all the hybrids, DRSH-1 showed highest oil content in all the locations and mean value across the centres was 39.6 per cent.Not Availabl