A rule-based functional-structural model of rice considering source and sink functions

As a first step towards a generic genotype-phenotype model of rice, we present here a model of the growth and morphology of rice in combination with ecophysiological processes using the technique of functional-structural plant modelling (FSPM) and the interactive modelling platform GroIMP along with the graph-based Relational Growth Grammar formalism. The model constitutes a simple yet functionally coherent phenotype model of rice, consisting of a set of morphogenetic RGG rules describing an “average” developmental course and final morphology, partially linking yield traits to processes (tiller and grain number, stem length, grain filling rate, grain weight)

Why Advertising Does Not Cause Smoking Initiation

Several charges have been leveled against advertising as the cause of smoking initiation among both young people and adults, but an examination of the relevant literature indicates that advertising is not the cause of smoking initiation.  The present study is an examination of the role of advertising in the consumer decision making process generally, and specifically with regard to decisions about smoking

A Brief History of Archiving in Language Documentation, with an Annotated Bibliography

We survey the history of practices, theories, and trends in archiving for the purposes of language documentation and endangered language conservation. We identify four major periods in the history of such archiving. First, a period from before the time of Boas and Sapir until the early 1990s, in which analog materials were collected and deposited into physical repositories that were not easily accessible to many researchers or speaker communities. A second period began in the 1990s, when increased attention to language endangerment and the development of modern documentary linguistics engendered a renewed and redefined focus on archiving and an embrace of digital technology. A third period took shape in the early twenty-first century, where technological advancements and efforts to develop standards of practice met with important critiques. Finally, in the current period, conversations have arisen toward participatory models for archiving, which break traditional boundaries to expand the audiences and uses for archives while involving speaker communities directly in the archival process. Following the article, we provide an annotated bibliography of 85 publications from the literature surrounding archiving in documentary linguistics. This bibliography contains cornerstone contributions to theory and practice, and it also includes pieces that embody conversations representative of particular historical periods.National Foreign Language Resource Cente

Speech Communication

Contains three reports on research facilities and systems.U. S. Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Office of Aerospace Research, under Contract F19628-69-C-0044National Institutes of Health (Grant 2 ROl NB-04332-06