40 research outputs found
Detection of Listeria pathogens by gradient/constant denaturing gel electrophoresis
Listeriosis is a serious, but preventable disease, and the virulence factor of this disease is produced only by the two pathogenic species L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in humans and/or animals. In this study, we used both denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and constant denaturing gel electrophoresis (CDGE) as molecular methods combined with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the detection and identification of Listeria pathogens on 543 samples of raw milk collected from all Syrian provinces. The two methods are based on the PCR amplification of a fragment of the InlC gene (virulence gene) from the studied Listeria species and on the analysis of the PCR products ob-tained by DGGE/CDGE. Based on the differences present in the sequences amplified, it was possible to obtain species-specific DGGE/CDGE migration that allowed fast and easy identification of the virulence and pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in humans and/or animals, in order to reduce the incidence of Listeria bacteria in the environment and foods and to prevent the occur-rence of listeriosis in animal and human hosts
Trans−cis Switching Mechanisms in Proline Analogues and Their Relevance for the Gating of the 5-HT3 Receptor
Trans-cis isomerization of a proline peptide bond is a potential mechanism to open the channel of the 5-HT3 receptor. Here, we have used the metadynamics method to theoretically explore such a mechanism. We have determined the free energy surfaces in aqueous solution of a series of dipeptides of proline analogues and evaluated the free energy difference between the cis and trans isomers. These theoretical results were then compared with data from mutagenesis experiments, in which the response of the 5-HT3 receptor was measured when the proline at the apex of the M2-M3 transmembrane domain loop was mutated. The strong correlation between the experimental and the theoretical data supports the existence of a trans-cis proline switch for opening the 5-HT3 receptor ion channel
Przeciwdrobnoustrojowe właściwości liści i gałązek Pisidium guajava L (Myrtaceae)
The current study aimed to investigate antimicrobial activity of methanol, ethanol, acetone,
ethyl acetate and hot water (leaves and twigs fractions) Psidium guajava L. crude extracts
against three bacteria and two fungi pathogens. Antimicrobial activity expressed by
disc-diffusion assay (zone of inhibitions - ZIs), activity index (AI) and minimum inhibitory
concentration (MICs) that were measured as reported in many investigations. Based upon
the estimated ZIs, AI and MICs values, hot water twigs <1 cm diameter extract was the
most potent against all tested microorganisms. The MICs value ranged between 4 and 7.2
mg/ml for bacteria, while, it was between 14.5 and 37.3 mg/ml for fungi. Moreover, ethyl
acetate had the lowest antimicrobial activity compared to the other tested solvents. From
the results obtained herein, it could be concluded that P. guajava serve as antibacterial and
antifungal agent.Celem niniejszych badań było oznaczenie aktywności przeciwdrobnoustrojowej ekstraktu
metanolowego, etanolowego, acetonowego oraz uzyskanego za pomocą octanu etylu
i gorącej wody z liści i gałązek Pisidium guajava L. wobec trzech bakterii i dwóch grzybów chorobotwórczych. Aktywność przeciwdrobnoustrojową określano za pomocą krążków
bibułowych (strefa zahamowania – ZIs), indeksu aktywności (AI) oraz najmniejszego stężenia
hamującego (MICs). Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że największą
aktywnością, biorąc pod uwagę wszystkie zastosowane metody, odznaczał się ekstrakt
uzyskany za pomocą gorącej wody z gałązek o średnicy <1 cm. W metodzie MICs dawał
on w odniesieniu do wszystkich testowanych drobnoustrojów strefę zahamowania o średnicy
powyżej 1 cm. Wartość wskaźnika MICs waha się w geranicach od 4 do7,2 mg/ml w
przypadku bakterii oraz od 14,5 do 37,3 mg/ml dla badanych grzybów. Ponadto wykazano,
że najniższą aktywność przeciwdrobnoustrojową wykazywał ekstrakt otrzymany przy użyciu
octanu etylu. Przedstawione wyniki badań wskazują, że P. guajava może być uważana
za roślinę o właściwościach przeciwbakteryjnych i przeciwgrzybiczych