109 research outputs found
First Evidence of Reproductive Adaptation to âIsland Effectâ of a Dwarf Cretaceous Romanian Titanosaur, with Embryonic Integument In Ovo
<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages of Romania are famous for geographically endemic dwarfed dinosaur taxa. We report the first complete egg clutches of a dwarf lithostrotian titanosaur, from ToteĹti, Romania, and its reproductive adaptation to the âisland effectâ.</p> <h3>Methodology/Findings</h3><p>The egg clutches were discovered in sequential sedimentary layers of the Maastrichtian Sânpetru Formation, ToteĹti. The occurrence of 11 homogenous clutches in successive strata suggests philopatry by the same dinosaur species, which laid clutches averaging four âź12 cm diameters eggs. The eggs and eggshells display numerous characters shared with the positively identified material from egg-bearing level 4 of the Auca Mahuevo (Patagonia, Argentina) nemegtosaurid lithostrotian nesting site. Microscopic embryonic integument with bacterial evidences was recovered in one egg. The millimeter-size embryonic integument displays micron size dermal papillae implying an early embryological stage at the time of death, likely corresponding to early organogenesis before the skeleton formation.</p> <h3>Conclusions/Significance</h3><p>The shared oological characters between the HaĹŁeg specimens and their mainland relatives suggest a highly conservative reproductive template, while the nest decrease in egg numbers per clutch may reflect an adaptive trait to a smaller body size due to the âisland effectâ. The combined presence of the lithostrotian egg and its embryo in the Early Cretaceous Gobi coupled with the oological similarities between the HaĹŁeg and Auca Mahuevo oological material evidence that several titanosaur species migrated from Gondwana through the HaĹŁeg Island before or during the Aptian/Albian. It also suggests that this island might have had episodic land bridges with the rest of the European archipelago and Asia deep into the Cretaceous.</p> </div
Cancer-selective, single agent chemoradiosensitising gold nanoparticles
Two nanometre gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), bearing sugar moieties and/or thiol-polyethylene glycol-amine (PEG-amine), were synthesised and evaluated for their in vitro toxicity and ability to radiosensitise cells with 220 kV and 6 MV X-rays, using four cell lines representing normal and cancerous skin and breast tissues. Acute 3 h exposure of cells to AuNPs, bearing PEG-amine only or a 50:50 ratio of alpha-galactose derivative and PEG-amine resulted in selective uptake and toxicity towards cancer cells at unprecedentedly low nanomolar concentrations. Chemotoxicity was prevented by co-administration of N-acetyl cysteine antioxidant, or partially prevented by the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. In addition to their intrinsic cancer-selective chemotoxicity, these AuNPs acted as radiosensitisers in combination with 220 kV or 6 MV X-rays. The ability of AuNPs bearing simple ligands to act as cancer-selective chemoradiosensitisers at low concentrations is a novel discovery that holds great promise in developing low-cost cancer nanotherapeutics
Evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of leaves extracts of different cultivars of Fragaria ananassa Duch. for phytosanitary bioproducts formulation
En este trabajo se caracterizaron extractos metanĂłlicos y acuosos de hojas de Fragaria ananassa Duch. de los genotipos âCamarosaâ, âCamino Realâ, âMercedâ, âBeniciaâ y âSan Andreasâ (este Ăşltimo de dos procedencias: TafĂ del Valle, TucumĂĄn, y Patagonia), en base al contenido de compuestos fenĂłlicos totales y a la capacidad para inhibir el crecimiento de bacterias y hongos fitopatĂłgenos. No se observaron diferencias significativas en el contenido de fenĂłlicos a excepciĂłn del extracto metanĂłlico (EM) del genotipo âMercedâ que presentĂł el mayor valor y los extractos acuosos (EA) de los genotipos âSan Andreasâ de TafĂ del Valle y âCamarosaâ, que fueron los de menor contenido. Las bacterias mostraron mayor sensibilidad que los hongos a los EM, mientras que en el caso de los EA ambos tipos de microorganismos mostraron una sensibilidad similar. No se observĂł una relaciĂłn directa entre el contenido de compuestos fenĂłlicos totales y la actividad antimicrobiana. Aunque algunos genotipos de frutilla mostraron actividad antimicrobiana especĂfica, en general todos los genotipos evaluados presentaron un comportamiento similar. Se destacan los extractos acuosos para el desarrollo de un bioinsumo de bajo costo de producciĂłn, aprovechando los residuos de cosecha del cultivo de frutilla.In this work, methanolic and aqueous extracts from leaves of five genotypes of Fragaria ananassa Duch. were characterized based on their total phenolic compounds content and the ability to inhibit the growth of bacterial and fungal phytopathogens. Genotypes studied were: âCamarosaâ, âCamino Realâ, âMercedâ, âBeniciaâ and âSan Andreasâ (this last one from two origins: TafĂ del Valle, TucumĂĄn and Patagonia). No significant differences were observed in the phenolic content except for the methanolic extract (ME) of the âMercedâ genotype that presented the highest value and the aqueous extracts (AE) of the âSan Andreasâ genotypes from TafĂ del Valle and âCamarosaâ, which exhibited the lowest value. Bacteria showed greater sensitivity than fungi to ME, whereas in the case of AE both types of microorganisms showed a similar sensitivity. No direct correlation was observed between the content of total phenolic compounds and the antimicrobial activity. Although some strawberry genotypes showed specific antimicrobial activity, in general all evaluated genotypes showed a similar behavior and would be equally valid for the development of bioproducts. The aqueous extracts stand out for the development of bioproducts of low production cost, taking advantage of the crop residues of the strawberry crop.Fil: CerviĂąo Dowling, Ana MarĂa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - TucumĂĄn. Instituto de TecnologĂa Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de TucumĂĄn. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. EstaciĂłn Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de TecnologĂa Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Grellet Bournonville, Carlos Froilan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - TucumĂĄn. Instituto de TecnologĂa Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de TucumĂĄn. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. EstaciĂłn Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de TecnologĂa Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Di Peto, PĂa de Los Ăngeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - TucumĂĄn. Instituto de TecnologĂa Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de TucumĂĄn. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. EstaciĂłn Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de TecnologĂa Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: RodrĂguez, L. C.. Universidad Nacional de TucumĂĄn. Facultad de AgronomĂa y Zootecnia. Departamento de BiologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Castagnaro, Atilio Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - TucumĂĄn. Instituto de TecnologĂa Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de TucumĂĄn. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. EstaciĂłn Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de TecnologĂa Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Filippone, MarĂa Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de TucumĂĄn. Facultad de AgronomĂa y Zootecnia. Departamento de BiologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Mamani, Alicia Ines de Fatima. Universidad Nacional de TucumĂĄn. Facultad de AgronomĂa y Zootecnia. Departamento de BiologĂa; Argentin
Paleobiology of titanosaurs: reproduction, development, histology, pneumaticity, locomotion and neuroanatomy from the South American fossil record
Fil: GarcĂa, Rodolfo A.. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en PaleobiologĂa y GeologĂa. Museo Provincial Carlos Ameghino. Cipolletti; ArgentinaFil: Salgado, Leonardo. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en PaleobiologĂa y GeologĂa. General Roca. RĂo Negro; ArgentinaFil: FernĂĄndez, Mariela. Inibioma-Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Bariloche. RĂo Negro; ArgentinaFil: Cerda, Ignacio A.. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en PaleobiologĂa y GeologĂa. Museo Provincial Carlos Ameghino. Cipolletti; ArgentinaFil: Carabajal, Ariana Paulina. Museo Carmen Funes. Plaza Huincul. NeuquĂŠn; ArgentinaFil: Otero, Alejandro. Museo de La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Coria, Rodolfo A.. Instituto de PaleobiologĂa y GeologĂa. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Negro. NeuquĂŠn; ArgentinaFil: Fiorelli, Lucas E.. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica. Anillaco. La Rioja; Argentin
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