Change Is Conflict: Exploring Relationships Between Preferred Cognitive Styles and Conflict Management Styles of University Administrators at a Large Flagship University

As pressures continue for colleges and universities to find new ways of doing business, the calls for change heighten and the potential for conflict ensues. The purpose of the research study was to explore change as conflict via an exploration of organizational change related to preferred cognitive style, as measured by the Kirton Adaption-Innovation (KAI) instrument, and conflict management style, as measured by the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II (ROCI-II) instrument. The two instruments were administered to 72 university administrators at a large flagship university. The results indicate that the preferred cognitive style of university administrators is not significantly different from that of the general population. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in style when comparing functional reporting area, gender, or education level. University administrators were found to prefer using the integrating conflict management style, followed by the compromising and obliging styles. Dominating and avoiding styles were the least used by university administrators. An understanding of cognitive styles and conflict management styles may help university administrators to be more self-aware and to know when each style is appropriate for use, particularly as it relates to problem-solving in teams with a diversity of styles to manage change and enhance organizational effectiveness

Self-reported symptoms and managment by midwestern breast cancer survivors

Lymphedema (LE) is a life-long potential consequence of breast cancer treatment that may affect quality of life of breast cancer survivors in long-term survivorship. Previous studies reported that about 2 million women living with breast cancer are at a lifetime risk for LE development. Information from self-reported lymphedema symptoms and its management will provide potential early detection and intervention to manage LE. The purposes of this study were: To report the frequency of occurrence of commonly self- reported LE symptoms following breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. To find the most commonly reported self-management actions taken for the five LE symptoms.Research supported by NIH/NINR NR05342/NR010293, University of Missouri PRIME funds, and Ellis Fischel Cancer Center research funds

Action-derived molecular dynamics in the study of rare events

We present a practical method to generate classical trajectories with fixed initial and final boundary conditions. Our method is based on the minimization of a suitably defined discretized action. The method finds its most natural application in the study of rare events. Its capabilities are illustrated by non-trivial examples. The algorithm lends itself to straightforward parallelization, and when combined with molecular dynamics (MD) it promises to offer a powerful tool for the study of chemical reactions.Comment: 7 Pages, 4 Figures (3 in color), submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Efficient Dynamic Importance Sampling of Rare Events in One Dimension

Exploiting stochastic path integral theory, we obtain \emph{by simulation} substantial gains in efficiency for the computation of reaction rates in one-dimensional, bistable, overdamped stochastic systems. Using a well-defined measure of efficiency, we compare implementations of ``Dynamic Importance Sampling'' (DIMS) methods to unbiased simulation. The best DIMS algorithms are shown to increase efficiency by factors of approximately 20 for a $5 k_B T$ barrier height and 300 for $9 k_B T$, compared to unbiased simulation. The gains result from close emulation of natural (unbiased), instanton-like crossing events with artificially decreased waiting times between events that are corrected for in rate calculations. The artificial crossing events are generated using the closed-form solution to the most probable crossing event described by the Onsager-Machlup action. While the best biasing methods require the second derivative of the potential (resulting from the ``Jacobian'' term in the action, which is discussed at length), algorithms employing solely the first derivative do nearly as well. We discuss the importance of one-dimensional models to larger systems, and suggest extensions to higher-dimensional systems.Comment: version to be published in Phys. Rev.

Mechanical Systems with Symmetry, Variational Principles, and Integration Algorithms

This paper studies variational principles for mechanical systems with symmetry and their applications to integration algorithms. We recall some general features of how to reduce variational principles in the presence of a symmetry group along with general features of integration algorithms for mechanical systems. Then we describe some integration algorithms based directly on variational principles using a discretization technique of Veselov. The general idea for these variational integrators is to directly discretize Hamilton’s principle rather than the equations of motion in a way that preserves the original systems invariants, notably the symplectic form and, via a discrete version of Noether’s theorem, the momentum map. The resulting mechanical integrators are second-order accurate, implicit, symplectic-momentum algorithms. We apply these integrators to the rigid body and the double spherical pendulum to show that the techniques are competitive with existing integrators

Complications and pitfalls of lumbar interlaminar and transforaminal epidural injections

Lumbar interlaminar and transforaminal epidural injections are used in the treatment of lumbar radicular pain and other lumbar spinal pain syndromes. Complications from these procedures arise from needle placement and the administration of medication. Potential risks include infection, hematoma, intravascular injection of medication, direct nerve trauma, subdural injection of medication, air embolism, disc entry, urinary retention, radiation exposure, and hypersensitivity reactions. The objective of this article is to review the complications of lumbar interlaminar and transforaminal epidural injections and discuss the potential pitfalls related to these procedures. We performed a comprehensive literature review through a Medline search for relevant case reports, clinical trials, and review articles. Complications from lumbar epidural injections are extremely rare. Most if not all complications can be avoided by careful technique with accurate needle placement, sterile precautions, and a thorough understanding of the relevant anatomy and contrast patterns on fluoroscopic imaging