Effect of root infection with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Glomus mosseae in improving Fe-efficiency of grapevine ungrafted rootstocks

Woody cuttings from three ungrafted rootstocks, with decreasing resistance to lime-induced chlorosis (V. berlandieri x V. rupestris 140 Ru; V. berlandieri x V. riparia SO 4; V. riparia x V. rupestris 101-14), were potted in unsterile calcareous soil with Pseudomonas fluorescens cells and Glomus mosseae inoculum to test the effects of these organisms on some physiological parameters involved in chlorosis occurrence. The most significant findings are:(i) P. fluorescens and G. mosseae treatments increase ferrous iron and chlorophyll leaf content in the rootstock more susceptible to lime-induced chlorosis (101-14);(ii) increased mycorrhizal colonization, over the control, enhances N, P, Mn and Cu concentration in leaf fresh matter.Effetto dell'infezione radicale con Pseudomonas fluorescens e Glomus mosseae sulla nutrizione ferrica di portinnesti di vite non innestatiTalee legnose di tre genotipi portinnesto con resistenza decrescente alla clorosi da calcare (V. berlandieri x V. rupestris 140 Ru; V. berlandieri x V. riparia SO 4; V. riparia x V. rupestris 101-14) sono state coltivate in vaso su un terreno calcareo non sterilizzato, dopo aver infettato le radici con il battere Pseudomonas fluorescens ed il fungo micorrizico Glomus mosseae. L'obiettivo della ricerca era quello di controllare l'effetto di questi organismi sul manifestarsi del fenomeno clorotico, valutato mediante la misura del contenuto fogliare di clorofilla e di ferro ferroso. I risultati principali possono essere cosi sintetizzati: (i) i trattamenti con il battere ed il fungo micorrizico hanno aumentato il tenore fogliare di ferro ferroso e di clorofilla nel genotipo piu sensibile alla clorosi da calcare (101-14);(ii) la percentuale di infezione micorrizica e risultata correlata positivamente con Je concentrazioni fogliari di N, P, Mn e Cu

Lime-induced chlorosis of grapevine as affected by rootstock and root infection with arbuscular mycorrhiza and Pseudomonas fluorescens

Grapevine cuttings (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot blanc, clone VCR 5), grafted on 3309 C, a lime-susceptible rootstock, SO 4, a medium lime-tolerant rootstock and 41 B, a lime-tolerant rootstock, were grown in pots containing unsterilized calcareous soil. Before potting, the roots of the grafted plants were inoculated with a suspension of a mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens and with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM! fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, in order to investigate the effect of these microorganisms on the severity of lime-induced chlorosis. The most significant findings were:Pseudomonas fluorescens and Glomus mosseae treatments increased Fe and chlorophyll concentrations in the leaves and thus lime tolerance in plants grafted on 3309 C and 41 B;the positive effect of VAM treatment was associated with increased levels of root infection and lower root growth;the bacterial treatment improved the establishment of VAM fungi;fruit quality of the susceptible graft combination raised to the level of untreated Pinot blanc/SO 4 vines due to the root treatments

Valutazione dei profili metabolici in suinetti alimentati con una dieta contenente panello di seme di tabacco

The aim of this study was to evaluate serum metabolites in piglets fed diet containing tobacco seed cake, as alternative protein source. 48 piglets were divided in two groups, control (CG) and treatment (TG), fed with isoenergetic (EN Nobl 2240) and isoproteic (17,68% CG and 17,64% TG) diets. Soybean, contained in TG diet, was partially replaced with 4% of tobacco seed cake (PG 34,5%). Blood samples were collected, on days 0, 20 and 43, to evaluate hematocrit and metabolic parameters, that can reflect nutritional and health status. No significant differences were detected in metabolic profiles between TG and CG, and no adverse effects were observed in relation to treatment. So tobacco seed cake could be used as alternative proteic source in pig industr

Oral administration of tobacco seeds expressing antigenic proteins in mice Balb-C : a model of edible vaccines for oedema disease

The aim of this study was the evaluation of immunogenic activity of tobacco seeds as edbile vaccine against oedema disease in mice

Expression of vaccine antigens to edema disease in tobacco seeds and evaluation of immunogenicity on mouse model

Plant-derived vaccines present many potential advantages related to the management in intensive livestock. They could be administered without restraint of the animals, with low stress and without labour costs related to multiple injections of traditional vaccines. The aim of this study was the construction and subsequent evaluation in mouse model of transgenic tobacco seeds as edible vaccines for swine Edema disease. We focalized our attention on Verocitotoxic Escherichia coli strains (O138, O139, O141), responsible of Edema disease, that occurs in pigs approximately one week after weaning and is characterized by edema in various sites and by damages to vascular endothelium. The adhesion of bacterial strains is related to different fimbriae and Shiga-like toxins (VT2e), that play an important role in the pathogenesis. Structural parts of F18 fimbriae and B-subunit of VT2e genes were inserted in expression vectors, under control of GLOB promoter to obtain specific seed accumulation of heterologous proteins, and transformed in tobacco by agroinfection. We obtained two stable lines of transformed tobacco expressing the proteins in the seed: one included F18 gene (F18+) and another one included B-subunit of Vt2e gene (VT2e-B+). Tobacco lines were characterized by molecular and immunoenzymatic techniques for the expression of F18 and VT2e-b proteins. The amount of transgenic proteins was estimated at around 10ug/g of seeds. 14 Balb-c mice were divided randomly in two groups Control (CG) and Treatment (TG), with 7 mice each. Treatment diet, prepared as pellet to avoid different feed intakes in animals, contained 10% of tobacco seeds from F18+ and 10% of tobacco seeds from VT2e-b+. CG received a diet containing 20% of not-transgenic tobacco seeds. Treatments were administered on days 0,5,8,14,19,23. TG revealed an increment of fecal IgA at day 26, while CG at the same period decreased. The histometric data of the small intestine showed that TG crypts of the duodenum were significantly deeper than those of the CG. Immunostaining of the intestine showed that administration of transgenic tobacco seeds promotes a significant increase in the IgA-positive plasma cells production of the tonaca propria if compared to control group. In conclusion our findings suggest that tobacco seeds might be a potential source of oral vaccines

Appetibilit\ue0 e performance produttive del panello di tabacco nell'alimentazione del suino

This study is a part of a larger project of edible vaccines for swine, where we used tobacco seeds for the expression of antigenic proteins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the palatability of dietary supplementation with non transgenic tobacco seed cake and its effect on growth performances and on health status. Twenty piglets were divided in two groups, control one (CT) and treatment one (TG), and were fed ad libitum isoenergetic and isoproteic diets (PG 17%, Lys1.1%, EN 2500 Kcal). TG diet was supplemented with 3% of tobacco seed cake (PG 34.5%, Lys 0.72%, EE 10.74%). TG showed average daily gain and body weight higher than CG (15.2 vs 13.3 kg; P<0.001). Moreover the rate of intake of TG was higher than CG. No adverse reactions are observed. So tobacco seeds can be used directly in feed of piglets for following trials to evaluate the efficacy of antigenic proteins and it could be an alternative proteic source in pig feeding

Expression of flgK flagellin from Salmonella Typhimurium in tobacco seeds

In the epidemiology of Salmonella Typhimurium, recognized as major zoonotic pathogens of animals and humans, swine plays an reservoir role. Novel methods are requires to control salmonellosis in livestock, and vaccination represent an efficacious way to prevent the disease, reducing antibiotic treatments, as suggested by EC Regulation 1831/2003. In this contest plants have considerable potential and represent a promising alternative for biopharmaceutical protein (plant-vaccine). For these reasons the aim of this study was to engineer tobacco plants in order to induce the seed specific expression with correct folding of flgK protein from Salmonella typhimurium for the subsequent utilization as edible vaccine or as an advantageous system of production. flgK gene was isolated by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from a wild type Salmonella typhimurium strain, and transferred into a expression cassettes under control of seed-specific GLOB promoter in order to induce, after agroinfection, the expression of flgK in seeds. Transformed plants showed a correct transcription of flgK gene and the estimated amount of expressed flgk was about 0.6 mg per gram of seeds corresponding to 0.3% of the total soluble protein. In conclusion our data showed flgK flagellin could be expressed in tobacco seeds and stably incorporated into plant genoma