Efeito do treinamento combinado sobre espessura médio intimal, gordura abdominal, marcadores inflamatórios e metabolicos em adolescentes com excesso de peso

Orientadora : Profa. Dra. Neiva LeiteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física. Defesa: Curitiba, 20/02/2017Inclui referências : f. 138-187Resumo: O objetivo do estudo 1 foi avaliar as medidas antropométricas e suas associações com perfil metabólico, inflamatório, gordura abdominal e espessura médio intimal, assim como identificar qual é melhor preditora das alterações cardiometabolicas e da espessura médio intimal em adolescentes com excesso de peso(EP), enquanto que o estudo 2 verificouo efeito de 12 semanas de treinamento combinado (aeróbio + resistido) na espessura médio intimal (EMI), gordura abdominal, marcadores inflamatórios e metabólicos em adolescentes com excesso de peso de 13 a 17 anos. No estudo 1, aamostra foi composta por 99 indivíduos, dos quais 69 eramEP (30 meninos) e 30 eutróficos (15 meninos) para as comparações basaisde acordo com os pontos de corte para Indice de Massa Corporal (IMC), circunferência abdominal(CA) e Razão Cintura Estatura (RCEst).No estudo 2, 50 indivíduos com EP foram alocados em grupo treino (n=22) e grupo controle (n=28). Avaliou-se MC, estatura, IMC, estágio puberal, CA, consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max),composição corporal por densitometria antes e após 12 semanas. Determinaram-se em jejum glicemia, insulinemia (INS), triacilglicerolemia (TAG), colesterol total (CT) e proteína c-reativa (PCR), leptina, resistina, fator de tumor de necrose alfa (TNFalfa), Interleucina 6 e 10, adiponectinemia na fase inicial e final. O Homeostasis Metabolic Assessment (HOMA-IR) e o Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) foram determinados, e classificados de acordo com os pontos de corte propostos por Leite (2005). Avaliou-se espessura médio intimal (EMI) de artéria carótida por ultrassonografia, sendo realizada na carótida comum, bilateralmente, três distâncias foram estabelecidas: EMI direta(EMID), EMI esquerda (EMIE) e EMI sendo a média das duas anteriores. A espessura de gordura abdominal subcutânea (GSUB) e visceral (GV) foram avaliadas por ultrassonografia. O treino combinado consistiu em 6 exercícios de resistência (3 series 6-10 rep), seguidos por 30 min de caminhada/corrida 50-80% do VO2max, totalizando 60 min/sessão, três vezes na semana. Realizou-se regressão linear com as variáveis IMC, CA e RCEstcomo preditoras e as demais variáveis como dependentes. Na fase inicial os grupos foram comparados por teste t de studentindependente ou U Mann Whitney, e divididos segundo a classificação de IMC, CA e RCEst. A ANOVA fatorial modelos mistos foi empregada para avaliar os efeitos do tempo e a interação grupo x tempo, com nível de significância para p<0,05. No estudo 1, identificou-se que aEMI foi maior nos meninos com EP comparados aos eutróficos, apenas quando a RCEst foi utilizada na divisão dos grupos, o que demonstra que o ajuste da adiposidade pela estatura possibilita discriminar melhor as diferenças na EMI nesta faixa etária. Na regressão, o IMC foi melhor preditor para a GSub, INS e para o QUICKI, enquanto a GV foi melhor predita pela RCEst. Para a EMId, a CA foi a melhor preditora. No estudo 2, após 12 semanas, em ambos os sexos, o grupo treino reduziu massa gorda e gordura de tronco, bem como aumentou massa magra, aptidão cardiorrespiratória, força muscular, QUICKI e reduziu HOMA-IR. As meninas reduziram também insulinemia. Nas meninas, o grupo que não realizou exercicio aumentou as concentrações de leptina após 12 semanas. Não houve alterações na EMI após 12 semanas de exercício. Conclui-se que o treinamento combinado foi efetivo para melhorar a composição corporal, resistência e sensibilidade à insulina, aptidão física, assim como preveniu o aumento nas concentrações de leptina, situação que ocorreu nas meninas que não realizaram exercício. No entanto, 12 semanas de exercício aeróbio associado a treinamento resistido realizados por 180 min/semnão foi efetivo para promover alterações na EMI, independente do sexo, entretanto, os adolescentes com excesso de peso apresentaram valores semelhantes aos eutróficos na fase inicial, o que pode explicar não alterarem com o exercício, visto que a função endotelial não apresentava comprometimento. Palavras chave:obesidade, inflamação, EMI, adolescente, exercício.Abstract: The objective of study 1 was to evaluate the anthropometric measures and their associations with metabolic, inflammatory, abdominal fat and intima media thickness (IMT), as well as to identify which is the best predictor of cardiometabolic changes and IMT in adolescents with overweight (OW), while study 2 verified the effect of 12 weeks of combined (aerobic + resistance) training on IMT, abdominal fat, inflammatory and metabolic markers in overweight adolescents from 13-17y. In study 1, the sample consisted of 99 individuals, of whom 69 were OW (30 boys) and 30 eutrophic (15 boys) for the baseline comparisons according to the cut-off points for Body Mass Index (BMI), abdominal circumference (WC) and Waist Height Ratio (WHtR). In study 2, 50 individuals with OW were allocated in training group (n=22) and control group (n=28). It was evaluated BM, height, BMI, pubertal stage, WC, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), body composition by densitometry before and after 12 weeks. Glucose, insulin (INS), triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), c-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, resistin, alpha necrosis tumor factor (TNFalpha), Interleukin 6 and 10, adiponectin in the initial and final phases. The Homeostasis Metabolic Assessment (HOMA-IR) and the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) were determined, and classified according to the cutoff points proposed by Leite (2005). IMT was measured by intra-carotid artery by ultrasonography. Bilateral carotid artery was measured in the carotid artery and three distances were established: right IMT(IMTr), left IMT (IMTl) and IMT. The subcutaneous (SFAT) and visceral (VFAT) abdominal fat thickness were evaluated by ultrasonography. The combined training consisted of 6 resistance exercises (3 sets 6-10 rep), followed by 30 min of walking/running 50-80% of VO2max, totaling 60 min/session, three times a week. Linear regression was performed with the variables BMI, WC and WHtR as predictors and the other variables as dependent variables. In the initial phase the groups were compared by independent student t-test or U-Mann Whitney, and divided according to the classification of BMI, WC and WHtR. The ANOVA factorial mixed models were used to evaluate the effects of time and group x time interaction, with significance level for p <0.05. In study 1, it was identified that IMT was higher in boys with OW compared to eutrophic, only when the WHtR was used in the division of the groups, which shows that the adjustment of adiposity by stature makes it possible to better discriminate the differences in IMT in this age group. In the regression, BMI was the best predictor for SFAT, INS and QUICKI, while VFAT was better predicted for the WHtR. For IMTr, WC was the best predictor. In study 2, after 12 weeks in both sexes, the training group reduced fat mass and trunk fat, as well as increased lean mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, QUICKI and reduced HOMA-IR. Girls also reduced insulin. In girls, the non-exercise group increased leptin concentrations after 12 weeks. There were no changes in IMT after 12 weeks of exercise. It was concluded that combined training was effective in improving body composition, insulin resistance and sensitivity, physical fitness, as well as preventing the increase in leptin concentrations, a situation that occurred in girls who did not exercise. However, 12 weeks of aerobic exercise associated with resistance training performed for 180 min/wk was not effective to promote changes in EMI, regardless of sex, however, overweight adolescents presented similar values to eutrophic ones in the initial phase, which may explain why they did not change with exercise, since endothelial function did not present any impairment. Keywords:obesity, inflammation, IMT, adolescent, exercise

Collection of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Milk, Dairy Products and Food Processing Environments in Slovakia for the Purposes of European Molecular Database

The molecular typing of Listeria monocytogenes isolates is an important tool for monitoring the spread of the strains in food chains, providing evidence for epidemiological investigations and for the detection of out-breaks. The demand of European typing data centralization, collection and sharing stimulated the generation of “EURL L. monocytogenes Database (EURL Lm DB)” in 2012 led by the European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for L. monocytogenes (ANSES Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, France) in close collaboration with Applied Maths. This database includes the typing results and epidemiological information on strains isolated from food, environmental or animal samples and it is in connection with human strains database TESSy (The European Surveillance System) led by the ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control). In total 147 L. monocytogenes isolates were examined by PFGE (pulsed field gel electrophoresis) in 2014—2015 in VFI Dolny Kubin from different sources. Nearly half (68) of the 147 isolates in the national Slovak database came from milk or dairy products samples and the related manufacturing environment. In this work, 68 isolates associated with milk were selected and divided into 27 clusters (95 % similarity level) after combined comparison analysis (AscI and ApaI) by BioNumerics 6.6 software. Eight clusters included three or more similar PFGE profiles

Identification of exotic North American crayfish in Europe by DNA barcoding

Several alien crayfish of North American origin have become established in Europe in recent decades, but their identification is often confusing. Our aim was to verify the taxonomic status of their European populations by DNA barcoding. We sequenced the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragment of individuals representing all American crayfish known from European waters, and compared the results with reference sequences from North America. Our results confirm the morphological identification of Orconectes juvenilis from a population in eastern France, and of the marbled crayfish (Marmorkrebs), i.e., a parthenogenetic form of Procambarus fallax, from south-western Germany. Sequences of most individuals of presumed Procambarus acutus from the Netherlands were similar to American P. cf. acutus, but one was divergent, closer to a sequence of a reference individual of P. cf. zonangulus. However, divergences among three American P. cf. zonangulus samples were also high, comparable to interspecific variation within cambarid species complexes. The divergence between O. immunis from Europe and America also reached values corresponding to those observed among distinct Orconectes species. Genetic variation in the American range of these crayfish should therefore be further studied. Our study shows that DNA barcoding is useful for the rapid and accurate identification of exotic crayfish in Europe, and also provides insights into overall variation within these taxa

DISTRIBUTION OF THE INVASIVE SPINY-CHEEK CRAYFISH (ORCONECTES LIMOSUS) IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC. PAST AND PRESENT

The American spiny-cheek crayfish, Orconectes limosus, was first introduced into European waters in 1890. The first literature record about the occurrence of O. limosus on the territory of the Czech Republic was published almost 100 years later – in 1989. The presence of this species in Czechia, however, was first recorded already in the 1960s, when crayfish were observed in the dead arms and pools adjacent to the river Elbe (Labe) in Central Bohemia. In the following few decades the spiny-cheek crayfish has spread into several larger rivers of the Elbe watershed and some of their smaller tributaries. The eastern part of the country (mostly belonging to the watershed of the river Morava) has not yet been colonised by this species. O. limosus can be found in lower reaches of a number of watercourses of a low stream order, but does not seem to penetrate far upstream in such localities. Its distribution in standing waters is largely the result of intentional humanmediated translocations. The long-term coexistence of Orconectes and native crayfish species has not yet been recorded, although both introduced and native crayfish at least occasionally come into contact. As O. limosus is a major carrier of the crayfish plague on the Czech territory, and crayfish plague outbreaks have been recently recorded, the dynamics of Orconectes invasion deserves careful monitoring in the future

The role of tertiary education in regional development in conditions of Slovak Republic

In addition to the infrastructure of the regions, an essential aspect of their development is their educational structure and the demographic potential according to the predominance of the age composition. The education is basic tool for acquiring expert knowledge, which affects human capital of the labor market and professional mobility and adaptability of human resources at the labor market. It is important to educate the university undergraduates for practice by using appropriate and suitable educational methods. In Slovakia the share of inhabitants with the university education is increasing. This group represents the development potential of the regions. Great possibilities consist in the training of a new generation of graduates for different fields of regional development. Therefore, the educational structure and also the active working and networking of universities with other actors in the region are important. The objective of this paper is focused on the tertiary education and study programs for the regional development. We will analyze the development of number of students at universities with regard to the individual levels of study (bachelor, engineer/master and PhD.) and study programs within the individual regions of the Slovak Republic. The evaluation of the obtained data will be made by using the methods of comparative statistics

First results on the genetic diversity of the invasive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) in Europe using novel microsatellite loci

The introduction of non-native crayfish in aquatic ecosystems is very common due to human activities (e.g. aquaculture, recreational and commercial fisheries). The signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852), is one of the most widespread invasive species in Europe. Although several important ecological and economic impacts of this species have been reported, its European population genetic characterisation has never been undertaken using nuclear markers. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and characterise new microsatellite markers for signal crayfish that can be useful in future studies in its invaded range, since only five are available so far. In total, 93 individuals from four geographically distinct European populations (Portugal, Great Britain, Finland and Sweden) were scored for the new markers and for those previously described, with the Bayesian analysis revealing a clear distinction among populations. These markers are suitable for future studies of the population genetic structure of this important invasive species, by increasing information about the possible pathways of introduction and dispersal, and by giving insights about the most important vectors of introduction.Financial support was provided by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) project PTDC/AACAMB/117688/2010. LF was supported by Office National de l’Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques (ONEMA), AP by the Czech Science Foundation (project no. P505/12/0545) and LE by the Swedish Research Council FORMAS and SwAM.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio