Public Housing in the United States: Using Sustainable Urbanism to Combat Social Exclusion

The United States government has taken steps to assure underprivileged citizens housing in the form of public housing through the Department of Housing and Urban Development, as well as various humanitarian programs in the form of homeless shelters. Yet, all housing is not equal. Our freedom to choose where we live and what type of house we live in is one revered aspect of life as a United States citizen. We can express our individuality, creativity, and personality through the architectural style of our homes. In this sense it is hard to ask for equal housing. I am suggesting that equality comes from adequate access to social participation, social integration, and power, in other words social inclusion. (Room, 7) Investigating and correcting the causes of social exclusion in order to create social inclusion is necessary in order to ascertain equality of housing in America. Sir Winston Churchill once said, “We shape our buildings and afterward our buildings shape us.” (Gieryn, 35) But what happens when you do not have power over the shaping of your own building? Is your building still a reflection of yourself? And if we allow building to include the environment in which your home is located, what if previous use of the land left it degraded? Will the degradation shape you? My thesis considers the question: does the environmental quality and architectural style of public housing in the United States facilitate the social exclusion of these communities? If so, what best practices can we take away from models that have been successful at combatting social exclusion? By answering these questions I strive to develop a proposal to right this currently unjust situation

Pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga, Non Performing Loan, Dan Capital Adequacy Ratio Terhadap Loan to Deposit Ratio Dan Return on Assets Pada Sektor Perbankan Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of Third Party Funds, Non-Performing Loans, and Capital Adequacy Ratio of Loan to Deposit Ratio and Return on Assets. Testing the research hypotheses using path analysis techniques with the help of multiple regression using the tools of SPSS version 18.0 applications. This research was conducted at banking companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2010-2012. The study population as many as 31 units. Sampling was done by cencus. The results showed that: Third Party Funds has a positive and significant influence on Loan to Deposit Ratio, Non Performing Loan has a negative and no significant influence on Loan to Deposit Ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio has a positive and significant influence on Loan to Deposit Ratio. Third Party Funds has a positive and significant influence on Return On Assets, Non Performing Loan has a negative and significant influence on Return On Assets, Capital Adequacy Ratio has a positive and no significant influence on Return On Assets, Loan to Deposit Ratio has a positive and no significant influence on Return On Assets. It is recommended to further research to investigate other banking financial variables that affect the LDR and ROA and the Banking Industry to maintain standards for the provision of financial ratios that have been hinted at by Bank Indonesi

Optically controlled phase gate for two spin qubits in coupled quantum dots

We present a feasible scheme for performing an optically controlled phase gate between two conduction electron spin qubits in adjacent self assembled quantum dots. Interaction between the dots is mediated by the tunneling of the valence hole state which is activated only by applying a laser pulse of the right polarization and frequency. Combining the hole tunneling with the Pauli blocking effect, we obtain conditional dynamics for the two quantum dots, which is the essence of our gating operations. Our results are of explicit relevance to the recent generation of vertically stacked self-assembled InAs quantum dots, and show that by a design which avoids unintended dynamics the gate could be implemented in theory in the 10 ps range and with a fidelity over 90%. Our proposal therefore offers an accessible path to the demonstration of ultrafast quantum logic in quantum dots

Implementasi Rule Base System Dan Fuzzy Logic Artifical Intelligence Pada Game Kartu Capsa

In the era of globalization today, science and technology is developing very fast, particularly in entertainment media, specifically in the gaming world. Today, games are not only used as an entertainment, but also can be used as an alternative in the world of work, education, and even sports. In the world of gaming, artificial intelligence, or AI is a factor that cannot be separated. With the right methods and the specific rules of the AI can walk like a human being doing a job. So it is not only in the gaming world alone, AI can also be used in other fields that require AI computing systems for example in technological development.The system is using Unity5 program with the programming language C#, with AI rule base and fuzzy used, the AI expected to have enough ability to be an opponent for players who use this application.Based on testing that has been done, these applications can run smoothly, AI can run and can follow rules of the game and follow the mindset that have been established. But the way of thinking AI still fairly few and need to be developed more

Anti-Plasmodial activities of some plants extracts used in traditional malaria therapy in Kano-Nigeria

This work was set to evaluate the antiplasmodial activities of some plants used in traditional malaria therapy in Kano State, Nigeria. Nine medicinal plants, distributed into eight families, used for treatment of malaria fever by the Hausa people of Kano-Nigeria were selected based on the traditional claims of the folks. These were collected and extracted using aqueous and organic solvents. A total of nineteen extracts and forty four extract-fractions were obtained. Thirty extracts (7 aqueous extracts, 12 ethanol extracts and 11 methanol extracts-fraction) were selected and screened for their in vitro anti-plasmodial activities against laboratory adapted chloroquine susceptible Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. Seven (23.33%) of these extracts that exhibited 70% or more inhibition at 50μg/mL concentration were further evaluated to establish their potency levels. The respective IC50 values obtained ranged between 0.361±0.15μg/ml and 37.67±4.20μg/ml. CALF1 from the leaves of C. aurantifolia (Rutaceae) and CBLF1 (a combination of the leaves of C. aurantifolia, Carica papaya, Mangifera indica and Psidium guajava) were further screened against a clinical isolate of P. falciparum and recorded IC50 values similar to those obtained earlier against the laboratory strain, 12.42±3.94 μg/ml for CBLF1, and 29.69±0.65μg/ml for CALF1 respectively. It could be concluded that majority of the plants have demonstrated appreciable concentration dependent in vitro anti-plasmodial effects against the laboratory adapted and field strains P. falciparum.Keywords: Plants Extracts, Traditional Malaria Therapy, Hausa people, Kano, Nigeri

In vivo anti-malarial potentials of some plants extracts on ICR-mice, Mus musculus

Five medicinal plants, Acacia nilotica (Fabaceae), Citrus aurantifolia (Rutaceae), Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) Carica papaya (Caricaceae), and Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) used for the treatment of malaria/ fever by the Hausa people of Kano-Nigeria were selected based on their traditional claims. These were extracted using ethanol. The in vitro antiplasmodial activities of these extracts against laboratory adapted chloroquine susceptible strain of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) were earlier reported (Dabo et al. 2013). This study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of four of these extracts using icr mice in the 4-day suppressive test against P. berghei. The extracts evaluated were: Acacia nilotica (Fabaceae) stem extract coded as ANSF1; Citrus aurantifolia (Rutaceae) leaf extract coded as CALF1; Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) leaf extract coded as MILF1 and combination of C. aurantifolia, Carica papaya (Caricaceae), M. indica and Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) leaves extract coded as CBLF1. CALF1, ANSF1 and CBLF1 (combination) exhibited appreciable degree of suppression of 31.06%, 25.16 and %16.35% respectively. MILF1 did not exhibit any suppression against the P. berghei parasite in vivo at all. With the exception of haemoglobin content (P<0.0363), haematological analysis of the various blood parameters of mice in the control and treated mice indicated no statistical difference (P>0.05). Thus it can be concluded that, the apparent absence of changes in haematological profile alongside activities exhibited by CALF1 (Rutaceae), CBLF1 (a combination) and ANSF1 (Fabaceae),) suggest the bio-availability and antiplasmodial activities of the active substances in the plants evaluated.Keywords: Antimalaria; In vivo, Plants Extracts; Mus musculus; Plasmodium berghei

Are We Meeting the Demand for Pharmacist-Led Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs during Postgraduate Training-Year 1 (PGY1)?

In the United States of America, pharmacists play a pivotal role in antimicrobial stewardship; training from postgraduate residency may hone knowledge and skills gained from didactic pharmacy education. Specifically, the first year of postgraduate training, the learner may become an everyday steward in training and may go on to complete a second year in infectious diseases. However, there are a limited number of second year infectious diseases programs. The current demand for pharmacist to participate in and or lead stewardship is disproportionate to available specialized training. The first year of post-graduate training has to be setup to ensure appropriate preparation, so newly trained pharmacist may help meet the demand. Currently, no clear standards exist for training in the first year. The purpose of this study is to survey the nature of stewardship training performed by first year residents from the perspective of residency program directors and preceptors. A 13-question online survey was distributed to examine resident exposure to antimicrobial stewardship activities. Survey data from targeted residency directors and preceptors were analyzed. A third of the programs required it as a mandatory rotation. Resident\u27s stewardship activities ranged from program to program; there was not consensus of the training activities