The 2009 Revision to the PhRMA Code on Interactions with Healthcare Professionals: Challenges and Opportunities for the Pharmaceutical Industry in the Age of Compliance

This Article will describe the basic tenets of the 2009 PhRMA Code, how the 2009 PhRMA Code has been relied upon by at least one state in crafting its own response to the industry-healthcare professional debate, and it will conclude with a brief overview of pending activity apart from the self-policing guidance of the 2009 PhRMA Code with an outlook on the future of the compliance debate

The 2009 Revision to the PhRMA Code on Interactions with Healthcare Professionals: Challenges and Opportunities for the Pharmaceutical Industry in the Age of Compliance

This Article will describe the basic tenets of the 2009 PhRMA Code, how the 2009 PhRMA Code has been relied upon by at least one state in crafting its own response to the industry-healthcare professional debate, and it will conclude with a brief overview of pending activity apart from the self-policing guidance of the 2009 PhRMA Code with an outlook on the future of the compliance debate

Properties and Performance of High-Purity Thermal Barrier Coatings

It has been found that reducing the level of impurity oxides (particularly SiO2 and Al2O3) in 7YSZ, from about 0.2 wt% to below 0.1 wt% raises the sintering resistance and the phase stability of plasma-sprayed coatings. The implications for the usage of these coatings at elevated temperatures are examined. It is concluded that using relatively high-purity powder of this type is likely to confer substantial benefits in terms of the thermomechanical stability of the coatings under service conditions

Effect of Heat Treatment on Pore Architecture and Associated Property Charges in Plasma Sprayed TBCs

Plasma sprayed TBCs exhibit many interlamellar pores, voids and microcracks. These microstructural features are primarily responsible for the low global stiffnesses and the low thermal conductivities commonly exhibited by such coatings. The pore architecture thus has an important influence on such thermophysical properties. In the present work, the effect of heat treatment (at temperatures up to 1400C, for times of up to 100 hours) and coating purity on the pore architecture in detached YSZ top coats has been characterised by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) and BJH Analysis. While the overall porosity level (measured by densitometry) remained relatively unaffected (at around 10-12%) after the heat treatments concerned, there were substantial changes in the pore size distribution and the (inter-connected) specific surface area, although these changes occurred less rapidly with coatings produced using high purity powders. Fine pores (<~50 nm) rapidly disappeared, while the specific surface area dropped dramatically, particularly at high treatment temperatures (>~1300C). These changes are thought to be associated with improved inter-splat bonding and increased contact area, leading to disappearance of much of the very fine inter-splat porosity. These microstructural changes are reflected in sharply increased stiffness and thermal conductivity. Measured thermal conductivity data are compared with predictions from a recently-developed analytical model [1], using the deduced inter-splat contact area results as input parameters. Good agreement is obtained, suggesting that the model captures the main geometrical effects and the porosity architecture measurements reflect the most significant microstructural changes. REF.1. Golosnoy, IO, Tsipas, SA and Clyne, TW, An Analytical Model For Simulation Of Heat Flow In Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coating, J. Thermal Spray Techn., 14 (2005) 205-214

A survey of the role of environmental advisory groups in local eco decision-making

v, 34, 9 p

Sanism, Social Science, and the Development of Mental Disability Law Jurisprudence

This article examines the way that sanist attitudes (attitudes driven by the same kind of irrational, unconscious and bias-driven stereotypes exhibited in racist and sexist decisionmaking) lead to pretextual decisions (in which dishonest testimony is either explicitly or implicitly accepted) in mental disability law jurisprudence. In conjunction with these sanist ends, social science data is teleologically employed by legal decisionmakers, so that it is privileged when it supports a conclusion that the fact-finder wishes to reach but subordinated when it questions such a conclusion. The article examines recent Supreme Court cases in an effort to determine the extent of domination of such sanist behavior, and concludes by offering several prescriptions to scholars and policymakers so as to best avoid sanism\u27s pernicious power

Is It More than Dodging Lions and Wastin\u27 Time: Adequacy of Counsel, Questions of Competence, and the Judicial Process in Individual Right to Refuse Treatment Cases

This article argues that, if the MacArthur Treatment Competence Study (e.g., P. S. Appelbaum and T. Grisso, Grisso et al, and Grisso and Appelbaum; see records 82:39258, 82:35494, and 82:37814, respectively) is to be meaningfully operationalized, it is necessary to consider the ways that counsel is provided in individual cases to institutionalized individuals wishing to assert the right to refuse antipsychotic drug treatment. It looks at the role of counsel in individual right to refuse cases, examines the ways that counsel is assigned in 3 states, and considers the underlying questions through the filters of sanism and pretextuality. It concludes that the issues of the availability and competence of counsel must be addressed by policy makers if the goals of the MacArthur study are to be met

Courant-Dorfman algebras and their cohomology

We introduce a new type of algebra, the Courant-Dorfman algebra. These are to Courant algebroids what Lie-Rinehart algebras are to Lie algebroids, or Poisson algebras to Poisson manifolds. We work with arbitrary rings and modules, without any regularity, finiteness or non-degeneracy assumptions. To each Courant-Dorfman algebra (\R,\E) we associate a differential graded algebra \C(\E,\R) in a functorial way by means of explicit formulas. We describe two canonical filtrations on \C(\E,\R), and derive an analogue of the Cartan relations for derivations of \C(\E,\R); we classify central extensions of \E in terms of H^2(\E,\R) and study the canonical cocycle \Theta\in\C^3(\E,\R) whose class $[\Theta]$ obstructs re-scalings of the Courant-Dorfman structure. In the nondegenerate case, we also explicitly describe the Poisson bracket on \C(\E,\R); for Courant-Dorfman algebras associated to Courant algebroids over finite-dimensional smooth manifolds, we prove that the Poisson dg algebra \C(\E,\R) is isomorphic to the one constructed in \cite{Roy4-GrSymp} using graded manifolds.Comment: Corrected formulas for the brackets in Examples 2.27, 2.28 and 2.29. The corrections do not affect the exposition in any wa