Quedas intra-hospitalares na Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte MG são adequadamente relatadas?

O envelhecimento populacional é uma realidade que chega imbuída de complicações as quais muitas vezes tornam-se problema de saúde pública, como é o caso das quedas hospitalares. Estas acarretam uma série de conseqüências negativas ao paciente e sua família, bem como ao sistema de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e quantificar, por meio de entrevistas com os profissionais responsáveis pelos cuidados dos pacientes da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, a ocorrência de quedas durante a hospitalização. Foram entrevistados 37 profissionais (médicos, residentes, enfermeiros e prestadores de serviços) através de questionário semi-estruturado com 11 questões referentes ao histórico de quedas no setor, englobando informações sobre número de episódios, local, horário, idade do paciente, atividade que realizava no momento, conseqüências, bem como questões referentes à adaptação ambiental. A análise dos dados feita por meio de estatísticas descritivas. Os resultados mostraram que 65% dos funcionários relataram a ocorrência de quedas. A maioria dos caidores (73%) eram homens, com média de idade de 78,62 anos (DP +- 7,63) e caíram mais nos períodos da manhã (31%) e noite (31%), principalmente no quarto (48%) e no banheiro (42%) sendo que 50% dos episódios não foram injuriosos. Conclui-se que os episódios de quedas ocorrem no ambiente hospitalar, mas não são reportados de maneira adequada, tornando necessário adoção de medidas educativas aos profissionais que lidam com esta população.The Population ageing is a reality that comes gripped by complications related to aging, being in-hospital falls one of the most important, considering that they bring on a lot of negative consequences to the patient and his family as well as to the health system. The objective of this study was to assess and quantify, through the analyses of interviews with professionals responsible for the care of the patients at Santa Casa of Belo Horizonte, the occurrence of in-hospital falls. The interview was accomplished with 37 professionals(doctors, interns and nurses) through a semi-structured questionnaire which comprehended 11 questions related to the historical of falls in the sector, comprising information on the number of episodes, setting, time, patient age, activity performed at the moment, consequences, as well as questions regarding to environment adaptation. Data analysis conducted by means of descriptive statistics of the interviews showed that 65% of the employee reported the occurrence of falls. The majority (73%) of fallers was men, with mean age of 78, 62 years (SD +- 7, 63) and fell more in the morning (31%) and in the evening (31%), mainly in the room (48%) and in the bathroom (42%), being 50% of the episodes non-injurious. We conclude that falls episodes occur in the hospital setting, but are not reported adequately, showing the need of adoption of educational measures to the professional who deal with this population

Delayed Fracture in Automotive Advanced High Strength Steel: A New Investigation Approach

Nowadays Al–Si coated boron steels (that are Advanced High Strength Steels, AHSS) are largely used in vehicle bodies. If on one hand they offer great mechanical performances, on the other hand they are susceptible to hydrogen delayed fracture. As this phenomenon brings to the reject of the component during production or even worse the failure during operation, diffusible hydrogen absorbed in the component needs to be monitored during plant process. A simple procedure, by means of a solid-state innovative sensor, is developed to check diffusible hydrogen concentration during laboratory experiments and manufacturing process. The behavior of an Al–Si coated boron steel after hydrogen absorption is investigated by means of slow strain rate mechanical tests (SSRT) and correlated to the diffusible hydrogen content. Finally, in manufacturing process an extensive plant test campaign is performed on semi-manufactured vehicle parts in order to verify the laboratory's results. These tests confirmed the possibility to approach the evaluation of diffusible hydrogen content in semi-products during car manufacturing by means of an easy procedure based on a robust sensor

An innovative laboratory characterization: Hydrogen interaction with X60 pipeline steel

Corrosion is evaluated to be one of the most important cause for pipeline failures. Given the serious consequences of these events in terms of human safety, environmental preservation and cost saving, it is evident that on-field corrosion control could have a fundamental role. The aim of the present work was to meet this need with preliminary feasibility study to develop a test procedure, characterized at the same time by non-invasive approach and scientific rigor, to evaluate the possibility of on-line monitoring and assess the integrity of a pipeline during its operation. The experimental campaign was performed on a HSLA Steel X60, characterized by a ferritic microstructure with fine grains and ultimate tensile strength equal to 520MPa. The hydrogen interaction with steel was investigated by means of an advanced equipment based on an innovative high sensitivity hydrogen gas sensor. The following types of investigations were carried out [1]: - Various permeation tests were performed with reference to EN ISO 17081:2014 increasing test temperature from 10°C to 60°C. - Afterwards a series of Hydrogen Induced Cracking nucleation tests was performed with reference to ASTM STP 692:0. - Finally, permeation concept was applied in an innovative way to Hydrogen Induced Cracking nucleation phenomena

Hydrogen embrittlement in high strength fasteners: Comparison between bainitic and tempered martensitic steels

The scope of this work is to explore innovative microstructure typologies, as well as heat treatments, for the manufacturing of high-strength steel fasteners aimed at obtaining a reduced susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. The research evaluates the role of microstructure and the notch tensile strength (RNTS) in relation to the geometry tested on hydrogen embrittlement of steels used in fasteners production. High-strength steel fasteners are increasingly used especially in Automotive industry to mechanically join parts together, increase vehicle performance and promote car weight reduction. High-strength steel fasteners, included in property class 12.9 and higher, are characterized by an ultimate tensile strength above 1200 MPa, despite the remarkable mechanical performance they are historically prone to hydrogen embrittlement phenomena. The phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement is widely investigated, characterized by its unpredictability and its ability to result in brittle fractures. In this study, slow strain rate tensile tests were conducted to investigate and compare the effect of internal hydrogen concentration on the mechanical properties of fasteners with martensitic microstructure in property classes 10.9and 12.9, as well as innovative high strength fasteners with bainitic microstructure in property class 12.9U. The commonly utilized methodologies for assessing hydrogen embrittlement in fasteners are standardized procedures primarily focused on mechanical tests conducted on finished fasteners. They do not effectively differentiate the influence of surface treatment from material selection and fastener design. For this reason, during the present research, a simpler, faster and very promising methodology has been used. This procedure could be the basis for developing a new Standard guideline for prevention of hydrogen delayed fracture. Additionally, SEM fractography has been interpreted according to the well-known HELP and HEDE models