26 research outputs found
Effects of physical exercise in older adults with reduced physical capacity: meta-analysis of resistance exercise and multimodal exercise
Older adults with reduced physical capacity are at greater risk of progression to care dependency. Progressive resistance strength exercise and multimodal exercise have been studied to restore reduced physical capacity. To summarize the best evidence of the two exercise regimes, this meta-analysis study appraised randomized-controlled trials from published systematic reviews. Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials were searched for relevant systematic reviews. Two reviewers independently screened the relevant systematic reviews to identify eligible trials, assessed trial methodological quality, and extracted data. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze data on muscle strength, physical functioning, activities of daily living, and falls. Twenty-three eligible trials were identified from 22 systematic reviews. The mean age of the trial participants was 75 years or older. Almost all multimodal exercise trials included muscle strengthening exercise and balance exercise. Progressive resistance exercise is effective in improving muscle strength of the lower extremity and static standing balance. Multimodal exercise is effective in improving muscle strength of the lower extremity, dynamic standing balance, gait speed, and chair stand. In addition, multimodal exercise is effective in reducing falls. Neither type of exercise was effective in improving activities of daily living. For older adults with reduced physical capacity, multimodal exercise appears to have a broad effect on improving muscle strength, balance, and physical functioning of the lower extremity, and reducing falls relative to progressive resistance exercise alone
Observation of gravitational waves from the coalescence of a 2.5â4.5 Mâ compact object and a neutron star
Alternating modulation of subthalamic nucleus beta oscillations during stepping
Gait disturbances in Parkinsonâs disease are commonly refractory to current treatment options
and majorly impair patientâs quality of life. Auditory cues facilitate gait and prevent motor
blocks. We investigated how neural dynamics in the human subthalamic nucleus of
Parkinsonsâs disease patients (14 male, 2 female) vary during stepping and whether rhythmic
auditory cues enhance the observed modulation. Oscillations in the beta band were suppressed
after ipsilateral heel strikes, when the contralateral foot had to be raised, and re-appeared after
contralateral heel strikes, when the contralateral foot rested on the floor. The timing of this
20-30 Hz beta modulation was clearly distinct between the left and right subthalamic nucleus,
and was alternating within each stepping cycle. This modulation was similar, whether
stepping movements were made while sitting, standing, or during gait, confirming the utility
of the stepping in place paradigm. During stepping in place beta modulation increased with
auditory cues that assisted patients in timing their steps more regularly. Our results suggest a
link between the degree of power modulation within high beta frequency bands and stepping
performance. These findings raise the possibility that alternating deep brain stimulation
patterns may be superior to constant stimulation for improving Parkinsonian gait
Neglected Outcomes of Customer Satisfaction
Although there is significant evidence that customer satisfaction is an important driver
of firm profitability, extant literature has largely neglected two intermediate outcomes
of customer satisfaction - a firmâs advertising and promotion efficiency and its human capital performance. Based on longitudinal analyses of large-scale secondary data from multiple sources, the authors find that customer satisfaction boosts the efficiency of future advertising and promotion investments. This finding can be explained by the possibility that customer satisfaction generates free word-of-mouth advertising and saves subsequent marketing costs. In addition, customer satisfaction has a positive influence on a companyâs excellence in human capital (employee talent and
manager superiority). This finding is highly novel, indicating that human resources
managers should have a strong interest in customer satisfaction as well. Finally, the
moderating influence of market concentration on both relationships is investigated.
The uncovered results have important implications for marketers in their dialogue
with financial executives and human resources managers