Fonti orali e teatro. Memoria, storia e performance

The book has its roots in a seminar held in 2015 in the University Centre of Imperia. The seminar was devoted to oral sources and theatre. It was a first, important opportunity for (Italian and French) theatre historians and oral historians to meet and have a debate. After a first part centred on interdisciplinary considerations (Oral history, memory, theatre), the book collects essays organized into two conceptual subdivisions. Oral sources for the theatre deals with oral sources as documentary resources for theatre history and for a polyphonic memory of theatre, by exploring methodological questions and offering some concrete examples. Oral sources in the theatre focuses on theatre performances where oral sources are used as dramaturgy materials. The book doesn\u2019t offer unequivocal answers, but it confirms the countless and possible exchanges of views between orality and theatre scholars. This result is a dynamic and open research of new tools and knowledge

Evaluation of zearalenone in vitro removal by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from bovine forage

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin that has relatively low acute toxicity. However, it is a potent oestrogen, interfering with the reproductive tract of animals. Among other effects, ZEN decreases animals fertility, and induces fibrosis in the uterus, breast cancer and endometrial carcinoma (Zinedine et al., 2007). Anti-mycotoxin additives (AMA) are defined as a group of products that, when added to animal feed, are capable of adsorbing, inactivating, or neutralizing mycotoxins in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. One example of these products are adsorbents based on yeast cell walls, a safe and beneficial animal feed additive (Abreu et al., 2008). When based on active cells, yeast based products also act as a probiotic, contributing to improve the general animal health because it stimulates their immune system and promotes the integrity of intestinal mucosa (Albino et al., 2006). Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from silage were tested for their ZEN removal capability. Their effect on - and b-zearalenol (-ZOL and b-ZOL) was also tested. Strains were grown on YPD separately supplemented with ZEN, -ZOL and b-ZOL, and their elimination from culture media was quantified over time by HPLC-FL.This study was carried out with grants from CYTED (Acción 109ac0371), CNPq, CAPES-DS and FAPUR/UFRRJ (Brazil). Luís Abrunhosa was supported by grant SFRH/BPD/43922/2008 from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia – FCT, Portugal.. Authors also acknowledge the support of the Society for Applied Microbiology – SfAM

Surveillance of Aflatoxin and Microbiota Related to Brewer's Grain Destined for Swine Feed in Argentina

Córdoba province in the center of Argentina is an important area of swine production. The use of industry by-product (brewer's grain) as feedstuff for swine is a regular practice and increases animal performance on these animals production. The occurrence of aflatoxin contamination is global, causing severe problems especially in developing countries. No reports on aflatoxin B1 production, micoflora, and potential aflatoxin B1 producing microorganism from brewer's grain are available. The aims of this study were (1) to isolate the microbiota species from brewer's grain, (2) to determine aflatoxin B1 natural contamination levels, and (3) to determine the ability of Aspergillus section Flavi isolates to produce aflatoxins in vitro. Physical properties, total fungal counts, lactic acid bacteria, and fungal genera distribution were determined on this substrate. In 65% of the samples, fungal counts were higher than recommended by GMP, and lactic bacterium counts ranged from 1.9 × 105 to 4.4 × 109 CFU g−1. Aspergillus spp. prevailed over other fungal genera. Aspergillus flavus was the prevalent species followed by A. fumigatus. Aflatoxin B1 levels in the samples were higher than the recommended limits (20 ng g−1) for complementary feedstuffs. Several Aspergillus section Flavi strains were able to produce aflatoxin B1  in vitro. Inadequate storage conditions promote the proliferation of mycotoxin-producing fungal species. Regular monitoring of feeds is required in order to prevent chronic and acute toxic syndromes related to this kind of contamination

Analytical techniques for deoxynivalenol detection and quantification in wheat destined for the manufacture of commercial products

The concern regarding toxicity from the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat that affects both economy and public health leads to the need to find appropriate detection methods for determining the degree of DON contamination in terms of the equipment available and the speed required for obtaining the incidence. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of two alternative analytical techniques for DON quantification for use in the food industry with a reference technique. Samples of wheat and the commercial by-products were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an ultraviolet detector as the reference method and the results compared with those obtained from a rapid lateral-flow immunochromatographic device (Reveal Q+) and of a Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the HPLC and Reveal-Q+ data (0.45), although significant (P<0.0003), was lower than that obtained between HPLC and the FTIR method (0.94, P<0.0001). Both methods were considered efficient in quantifying DON levels in wheat-flour samples. This study was aimed at assisting the producers in choosing an appropriate tool for the purpose of analysis and upon consideration of the available equipment.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasCentro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI

MCT1 and MCT4 kinetic of mRNA expression in different tissues after aerobic exercise at maximal lactate steady state workload

We evaluate the mRNA expression of monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1 and MCT4) in skeletal muscle (soleus, red and white gastrocnemius), heart and liver tissues in mice submitted to a single bout of swimming exercise at the maximal lactate steady state workload (MLSSw). After 72 h of MLSS test, the animals were submitted to a swimming exercise session for 25 min at individual MLSSw. Tissues and muscle samples were obtained at rest (control, n=5), immediately (n=5), 5 h (n=5) and 10 h (n=5) after exercise for determination of the MCT1 and MCT4 mRNA expression (RT-PCR). The MCT1 mRNA expression in liver increased after 10 h in relation to the control, immediate and 5 h groups, but the MCT4 remained unchanged. The MCT1 mRNA expression in heart increased by 31 % after 10 h when compared to immediate, but no differences were observed in relation to the control group. No significant differences were observed for red gastrocnemius in MCT1 and MCT4 mRNA expression. However, white gastrocnemius increased MCT1 mRNA expression immediately when compared to rest, 5 and 10 h test groups. In soleus muscle, the MCT1 mRNA expression increased immediately, 5 and 10 h after exercise when compared to the control. In relation to MCT4 mRNA expression, the soleus increased immediately and 10 h after acute exercise when compared to the control group. The soleus, liver and heart were the main tissues that showed improved the MCT1 mRNA expression, indicating its important role in controlling MLSS concentration in mice.644513522CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçãosem informação04/06643-1FAP-UNIME

Effect of yeast cell wall on the performance of broiler chickens intoxicated with aflatoxin B1

Micotoxinas são metabólitos secundários produzidos por diversos fungos filamentosos, tóxicos à animais e ao homem por contato, inalação e principalmente ingestão. Aflatoxinas são micotoxinas hepatotóxicas e carcinogênicas, produzidas principalmente pelos fungos Aspergillus flavus e A. parasiticus, e sua presença constitui grande preocupação para a avicultura mundial por problemas como diminuição da produtividade das aves e lesões de carcaça. Adsorventes à base de parede celular da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, possuem glucomananos esterificadas, e são capazes de ligar-se eficientemente a diversas micotoxinas, como aflatoxinas, fumonisinas e zearalenona.   O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar o desempenho de um aditivo anti-micotoxinas (AAM) à base de parede de leveduras (PCL), em condição de intoxicação experimental por aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) em frangos de corte até os 21 dias de idade.  A adição de 1,012 mg kg-1 (ppm) de AFB1 na dieta dos frangos de corte no presente estudo foi capaz de alterar negativamente o peso vivo, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar a partir dos 14 dias de idade, e nas mesmas condições experimentais a adição do AAM (0,2%) à base de PCL reverteu tais efeitos. Mais estudos devem ser realizados acerca do assunto para melhor esclarecer o mecanismo de ação destes aditivos na produção animal.Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by several filamentous fungi, which are toxic to animals and humans by contact, inhalation and ingestion mainly. Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Its presence is of great concern to the poultry industry due to problems such as decreased productivity and damage to the poultry carcass. Adsorbents based on the yeast cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have esterified glucomannans, and are able to adsorb several mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, fumonisins and zearalenone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a yeast cell wall (anti-mycotoxin additive) on the performance of broiler chickens intoxicated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) until 21 days old. The addition of 1.01 mg kg-1 (ppm) of AFB1 in the diet of broilers in this study could affect negatively body weight, weight gain and feed consumption after 7 days old, and under the same experimental conditions the yeast cell wall (0.2%) used as an anti-mycotoxin additive reversed such effects. More studies should be conducted to better clarify the mechanism of action of these additives in animal production.Fil: Keller, Kelly Moura. Universidad Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Oliveira, A. A. Universidad Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Almeida, T. X.. Universidad Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Keller, Luiz Antonio Moura. Universidad Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Queiroz, B. D.. Universidad Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Nunes, L. M. T.. Universidad Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rosa, Carlos Alberto da Rocha. Universidad Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro; Brasi

Access to Research Veterinary Medicine International Volume

Córdoba province in the center of Argentina is an important area of swine production. The use of industry by-product (brewer&apos;s grain) as feedstuff for swine is a regular practice and increases animal performance on these animals production. The occurrence of aflatoxin contamination is global, causing severe problems especially in developing countries. No reports on aflatoxin B 1 production, micoflora, and potential aflatoxin B 1 producing microorganism from brewer&apos;s grain are available. The aims of this study were (1) to isolate the microbiota species from brewer&apos;s grain, (2) to determine aflatoxin B 1 natural contamination levels, and (3) to determine the ability of Aspergillus section Flavi isolates to produce aflatoxins in vitro. Physical properties, total fungal counts, lactic acid bacteria, and fungal genera distribution were determined on this substrate. In 65% of the samples, fungal counts were higher than recommended by GMP, and lactic bacterium counts ranged from 1.9×10 5 to 4.4×10 9 CFU g −1 . Aspergillus spp. prevailed over other fungal genera. Aspergillus flavus was the prevalent species followed by A. fumigatus. Aflatoxin B 1 levels in the samples were higher than the recommended limits (20 ng g −1 ) for complementary feedstuffs. Several Aspergillus section Flavi strains were able to produce aflatoxin B 1 in vitro. Inadequate storage conditions promote the proliferation of mycotoxin-producing fungal species. Regular monitoring of feeds is required in order to prevent chronic and acute toxic syndromes related to this kind of contamination

Analytical techniques for deoxynivalenol detection and quantification in wheat destined for the manufacture of commercial products

The concern regarding toxicity from the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat that affects both economy and public health leads to the need to find appropriate detection methods for determining the degree of DON contamination in terms of the equipment available and the speed required for obtaining the incidence. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of two alternative analytical techniques for DON quantification for use in the food industry with a reference technique. Samples of wheat and the commercial by-products were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an ultraviolet detector as the reference method and the results compared with those obtained from a rapid lateral-flow immunochromatographic device (Reveal Q+) and of a Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the HPLC and Reveal-Q+ data (0.45), although significant (P<0.0003), was lower than that obtained between HPLC and the FTIR method (0.94, P<0.0001). Both methods were considered efficient in quantifying DON levels in wheat-flour samples. This study was aimed at assisting the producers in choosing an appropriate tool for the purpose of analysis and upon consideration of the available equipment.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasCentro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI