143 research outputs found
Controlling the charge environment of single quantum dots in a photonic-crystal cavity
We demonstrate that the presence of charge around a semiconductor quantum dot
(QD) strongly affects its optical properties and produces non-resonant coupling
to the modes of a microcavity. We first show that, besides (multi)exciton
lines, a QD generates a spectrally broad emission which efficiently couples to
cavity modes. Its temporal dynamics shows that it is related to the Coulomb
interaction between the QD (multi)excitons and carriers in the adjacent wetting
layer. This mechanism can be suppressed by the application of an electric
field, making the QD closer to an ideal two-level system.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Performance Assessment of Out-of-Hospital Use of Pelvic Circumferential Compression Devices for Severely Injured Patients in Switzerland: A Nationwide Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.
Patients with severe pelvic fractures carry a greater risk of severe bleeding, and pelvic compression devices (PCCD) are used to stabilize the pelvis on the pre-hospital scene. The aim of this study was to describe the use of PCCD in the pre-hospital setting on a nationwide scale (Switzerland) and determine the sensitivity, specificity and rates of over- and under-triage of the current application practices. The secondary objective was to identify pre-hospital factors associated with unstable pelvic fractures.
Retrospective cross-sectional study using anonymized patient data (1 January 2015-31 December 2020) from the Swiss Trauma Registry (STR). Based on AIS scores, patients were assigned a unique principal diagnosis among three categories (unstable pelvic fracture-stable pelvic fracture-other) and assessed for use or not of PCCD. Secondarily, patient characteristics, initial pre-hospital vital signs, means of pre-hospital transport and trauma mechanism were also extracted from the database.
2790 patients were included for analysis. A PCCD was used in 387 (13.9%) patients. In the PCCD group, 176 (45.5%) had an unstable pelvic fracture, 52 (13.4%) a stable pelvic fracture and 159 (41.1%) an injury unrelated to the pelvic region. In the group who did not receive a PCCD, 214 (8.9%) had an unstable pelvic fracture, 182 (7.6%) a stable pelvic fracture and 2007 (83.5%) an injury unrelated to the pelvic region. The nationwide sensitivity of PCCD application was 45.1% (95% CI 40.1-50.2), the specificity 91.2% (95% CI 90-92.3), with both over- and under-triage rates of 55%. The prevalence of unstable fractures in our population was 14% (390/2790). We identified female sex, younger age, lower systolic blood pressure, higher shock index, pedestrian hit and fall ≥3 m as possible risk factors for an unstable pelvic fracture.
Our results demonstrate a nationwide both over- and under-triage rate of 55% for out-of-hospital PCCD application. Female gender, younger age, lower blood pressure, higher shock index, pedestrian hit and fall >3 m are possible risk factors for unstable pelvic fracture, but it remains unclear if those parameters are relevant clinically to perform pre-hospital triage
Enhanced spontaneous emission in a photonic crystal light-emitting diode
We report direct evidence of enhanced spontaneous emission in a photonic
crystal (PhC) light-emitting diode. The device consists of p-i-n heterojunction
embedded in a suspended membrane, comprising a layer of self-assembled quantum
dots. Current is injected laterally from the periphery to the center of the
PhC. A well-isolated emission peak at 1300nm from the PhC cavity mode is
observed, and the enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate is clearly
evidenced by time-resolved electroluminescence measurements, showing that our
diode switches off in a time shorter than the bulk radiative and nonradiative
lifetimesComment: 10 page
Picosecond Time-Resolved Cathodoluminescence to Probe Exciton Dynamics in α-Plane (Al,Ga)N/GaN Quantum Wells
Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7-August 11, 201
Enhanced spontaneous emission rate from single InAs quantum dots in a photonic crystal nanocavity at telecom wavelengths
The authors demonstrate coupling at 1.3 micro m between single InAs quantum dots (QDs) and a mode of a two dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) defect cavity with a quality factor of 15 000. By spectrally tuning the cavity mode, they induce coupling with excitonic lines. They perform a time integrated and time-resolved photoluminescence and measure an eightfold increase in the spontaneous emission rate inducing a coupling efficiency of 96%. These measurements indicate the potential of single QDs in PhC cavities as efficient single-photon emitters for fiber-based quantum information processing applications. [on SciFinder (R)
Nonlinear optical tuning of photonic crystal microcavities by near-field probe
We report on a nonlinear way to control and tune the dielectric environment of photonic crystalmicrocavities exploiting the local heating induced by near-field laser excitation at differentexcitation powers. The temperature gradient due to the optical absorption results in an index ofrefraction gradient which modifies the dielectric surroundings of the cavity and shifts the opticalmodes. Reversible tuning can be obtained either by changing the excitation power density or byexciting in different points of the photonic crystal microcavity
Tunable magnetic exchange interactions in manganese-doped inverted core/shell ZnSe/CdSe nanocrystals
Magnetic doping of semiconductor nanostructures is actively pursued for
applications in magnetic memory and spin-based electronics. Central to these
efforts is a drive to control the interaction strength between carriers
(electrons and holes) and the embedded magnetic atoms. In this respect,
colloidal nanocrystal heterostructures provide great flexibility via
growth-controlled `engineering' of electron and hole wavefunctions within
individual nanocrystals. Here we demonstrate a widely tunable magnetic sp-d
exchange interaction between electron-hole excitations (excitons) and
paramagnetic manganese ions using `inverted' core-shell nanocrystals composed
of Mn-doped ZnSe cores overcoated with undoped shells of narrower-gap CdSe.
Magnetic circular dichroism studies reveal giant Zeeman spin splittings of the
band-edge exciton that, surprisingly, are tunable in both magnitude and sign.
Effective exciton g-factors are controllably tuned from -200 to +30 solely by
increasing the CdSe shell thickness, demonstrating that strong quantum
confinement and wavefunction engineering in heterostructured nanocrystal
materials can be utilized to manipulate carrier-Mn wavefunction overlap and the
sp-d exchange parameters themselves.Comment: To appear in Nature Materials; 18 pages, 4 figures + Supp. Inf
Magnetic imaging in photonic crystal microcavities
We demonstrate the nonresonant magnetic interaction at optical frequencies between a photonic crystal microcavity and a metallized near-field microscopy probe. This interaction can be used to map and control the magnetic component of the microcavity modes. The metal coated tip acts as a microscopic conductive ring, which induces a magnetic response opposite to the inducing magnetic field. The resulting shift in resonance frequency can be used to measure the distribution of the magnetic field intensity of the photonic structure and fine-tune its optical response via the magnetic field components
Towards a LED based on a photonic crystal nanocavity for single photon sources at telecom wavelength
A fundamental step towards achieving an "on demand" single photon source would be the possibility of electrical pumping for a single QD and thus the integration of such a device in an opto-electronic circuit. In this work we describe the fabrication process and preliminary results of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) to be integrated with a PhC nanocavity at telecom wavelength. We demonstrate the possibility of an effective electric pumping of the QDs embedded into the membrane by contacting the n-doped and p-doped layers of the thin membrane, which allows the fabrication of a PhC nanocavity on it. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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