SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF CROWN ETHERS

Mono- and bis-benzo-15-crown-5-ether derivatives have been synthesized and determined their potentiometric K+ selectivity factors. Of bis-crown ether urethanes highly selective Iigands were found some of which was used as active ingredient in potassium selective membrane electrode. Sugar based crown ethers, aza-crowns and cryptands were also prepared and applied as chiral catalyst in enantioselective reactions

Comparison of anaerobic degradation processes for bioenergy generation from liquid fraction of pressed solid waste

A novel substrate (obtained from biofraction of municipal solid waste by pressing and called LPW) rich in organic substances was used in three anaerobic degradation processes (biogas, biohydrogen fermentation and microbial fuel cells) to comparatively assess their feasibility for energy recovery. It has turned out that all the processes have successfully degraded that substrate and produced energy carriers (methane and hydrogen) as well as bioelectricity. The maximum energy yields (J g-1 CODremoved day-1) and associated COD removal capacities were 255, 200, 2.8 and 46, 52 and 72 % for biohydrogen, biogas and microbial fuel cell, respectively. The outcomes suggested the prominence of biohydrogen process for simultaneous waste treatment and energy recovery from LPWunder the test conditions ensured. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

Polyphenol- and anthocyanin content changes effected by different fermentation- pressing and aging technologies

Different grape processing, fermentation and aging technologies were compared in our study on the white wine-grape varietyGrüner Veltliner between 2012 and 2014 in Hungary,Cserszegtomaj. The vines are grown on brown forest soil on dolomite bedrock, stockswere planted 3x1 m row and vine space, respectively in our experimental area. The soil has slightly alkaline pH, the orientation of the vinerows are East-West. The training system is modified Guyot cordon, with 1 m trunk height and cane pruning method. After the harvest half ofthe yield has been put into the de-stemmer crusher before pressing while the other half has been pressed immediately (whole bunches). Fromthe filtered and bottled wine anthocyanin, and polyphenol content was measured in 2013 and 2014. Another enological technology testingexperiment has been set on aging of Grüner Veltliner in 2013. The wine was fermented with addition of fine lees from juice sedimentation.Traditional (racking only), battonage and fast ready-made aging technologies have been set together, each treatment in three replicates wereobserved

Polyphenol- and anthocyanin content changes effected by different fermentation- pressing and aging technologies

Different grape processing, fermentation and aging technologies were compared in our study on the white wine-grape variety Grüner Veltliner between 2012 and 2014 in Hungary,Cserszegtomaj. The vines are grown on brown forest soil on dolomite bedrock, stocks were planted 3x1 m row and vine space, respectively in our experimental area. The soil has slightly alkaline pH, the orientation of the vine rows are East-West. The training system is modified Guyot cordon, with 1 m trunk height and cane pruning method. After the harvest half of the yield has been put into the de-stemmer crusher before pressing while the other half has been pressed immediately (whole bunches). From the filtered and bottled wine anthocyanin, and polyphenol content was measured in 2013 and 2014. Another enological technology testing experiment has been set on aging of Grüner Veltliner in 2013. The wine was fermented with addition of fine lees from juice sedimentation. Traditional (racking only), battonage and fast ready-made aging technologies have been set together, each treatment in three replicates were observed

Multichannel EEG Signal Recording Analysis based on Cross Frequency Coupling Method

AbstractCross-frequency coupling (CFCo) could be important to study task-relevant manner changes in time series (TS). CFCo might also serve as an instrument to distinguish between oscillatory states and interrelations in signals, and to exhibit characteristic changes. Presenting the use of phase-amplitude type Cross Frequency Coupling, named Phase-Amplitude-Coupling (PAC) is the objective of this presentation. PAC describes the statistical dependence between the phase of a low-frequency brain rhythm and the amplitude (or power) of the higher-frequency component of electrical activity in the brain. Two other varieties of signal coupling are possible. These are the cross-frequency phase synchronization (phase-phase CFCo) and cross-frequency amplitude envelope correlation (amplitude-amplitude CFCo). These procedures should be efficient to study possible mechanism to regulate interrelation of the multichannel recorded EEG signals. As it is known, EEG signals are nonlinear and non-stationary signals. Interdependence of the different frequency range EEG signals, must be studied to understand internal behaviour of signals generated by different cortical areas.The paper is based on multichannel EEG recordings. It is possible to detect correlations between distal cortical regions during different task related events as Event Related Potentials (ERP). Correlation factor of left-right hemisphere's signals, recorded in biologically symmetric scalp positions are important in ERP studies. The Hilbert transform based method is also involved to have a way to analyze the interrelations of different brain region activities

Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of EEG Signals

AbstractScaling properties are one of the most important quantifiers of complexity in many events, as time series (TS). To try to have a glimpse how brain is working, we need new methods of analysis. The structural characteristics of biomedical signals are often visually apparent, but not captured by conventional measures (average amplitude, Fourier analysis based methods, up to second order statistics). Biomedical signals (as LFP, ECoG, EEG) could possess a scale invariant structure. Scale invariance means that the structure repeats itself on subintervals of the signal. We know that the time series x(t) are scale invariant when: x[c·n]=cH·x[n].The Hurst Exponent (H) is a dimensionless estimator for the self-similarity of a time series. Presence of scaling exponents can point to an inner fractal structure of the series. The constant c represent a scaling coefficient (c > 1 - contraction, c < dilation). The power law exponent H, is the Hurst exponent and represent a particular kind of scale invariant structure in biomedical signals. Fractal analysis or moving average estimates this power law exponent H, characteristic for time series. To compare two time series is a difficult task. For biomedical signals, usually, H is time dependent. The Hurst exponent can be used to compare time series. But a best way to describe the scale invariant structure of biosignals is the use of multifractal characterization. This kind of study for the non-stationary biological signals is based on the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method.Multiple scales can be characterized through various techniques with Multifractal Spectrum (MS). Mutlifractal spectrum is a generalization of the H exponent. This paper is presenting the results of the use of detrended fluctuation analysis of multichannel EEG recordings. The main goal is the comparison of recording's fractal structure and their behavior at low and high frequency ranges. The method is proper to be used in the analysis of nonlinear and non-stationary signals