3,582 research outputs found
Foundations of aeroelastic optimization and some applications to continuous systems
Static and dynamic aeroelastic problems in optimization of continuous system
Alien Registration- Morin, Armand L. (Biddeford, York County)
https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/4401/thumbnail.jp
First experimental demonstration of temporal hypertelescope operation with a laboratory prototype
In this paper, we report the first experimental demonstration of a Temporal
HyperTelescope (THT). Our breadboard including 8 telescopes is firstly tested
in a manual cophasing configuration on a 1D object. The Point Spread Function
(PSF) is measured and exhibits a dynamics in the range of 300. A quantitative
analysis of the potential biases demonstrates that this limitation is related
to the residual phase fluctuation on each interferometric arm. Secondly, an
unbalanced binary star is imaged demonstrating the imaging capability of THT.
In addition, 2D PSF is recorded even if the telescope array is not optimized
for this purpose.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 11 pages, 25 figure
Slow flows of yield stress fluids: complex spatio-temporal behaviour within a simple elasto-plastic model
A minimal athermal model for the flow of dense disordered materials is
proposed, based on two generic ingredients: local plastic events occuring above
a microscopic yield stress, and the non-local elastic release of the stress
these events induce in the material. A complex spatio-temporal rheological
behaviour results, with features in line with recent experimental observations.
At low shear rates, macroscopic flow actually originates from collective
correlated bursts of plastic events, taking place in dynamically generated
fragile zones. The related correlation length diverges algebraically at small
shear rates. In confined geometries bursts occur preferentially close to the
walls yielding an intermittent form of flow localization.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
PND5 TREATMENT OF EARLY PARKINSONIAN PATIENTS WITH RASAGILINE OR ROPINIROLE. WHAT IS THE MOST COSTEFFECTIVE TREATMENT STRATEGY IN FINLAND?
Local yield stress statistics in model amorphous solids
We develop and extend a method presented in [S. Patinet, D. Vandembroucq, and
M. L. Falk, Phys. Rev. Lett., 117, 045501 (2016)] to compute the local yield
stresses at the atomic scale in model two-dimensional Lennard-Jones glasses
produced via differing quench protocols. This technique allows us to sample the
plastic rearrangements in a non-perturbative manner for different loading
directions on a well-controlled length scale. Plastic activity upon shearing
correlates strongly with the locations of low yield stresses in the quenched
states. This correlation is higher in more structurally relaxed systems. The
distribution of local yield stresses is also shown to strongly depend on the
quench protocol: the more relaxed the glass, the higher the local plastic
thresholds. Analysis of the magnitude of local plastic relaxations reveals that
stress drops follow exponential distributions, justifying the hypothesis of an
average characteristic amplitude often conjectured in mesoscopic or continuum
models. The amplitude of the local plastic rearrangements increases on average
with the yield stress, regardless of the system preparation. The local yield
stress varies with the shear orientation tested and strongly correlates with
the plastic rearrangement locations when the system is sheared correspondingly.
It is thus argued that plastic rearrangements are the consequence of shear
transformation zones encoded in the glass structure that possess weak slip
planes along different orientations. Finally, we justify the length scale
employed in this work and extract the yield threshold statistics as a function
of the size of the probing zones. This method makes it possible to derive
physically grounded models of plasticity for amorphous materials by directly
revealing the relevant details of the shear transformation zones that mediate
this process
Malaria’s Missing Number: Calculating the Human Component of R0 by a Within-Host Mechanistic Model of Plasmodium falciparum Infection and Transmission
Human infection by malarial parasites of the genus Plasmodium begins with the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Current estimates place malaria mortality at over 650,000 individuals each year, mostly in African children. Efforts to reduce disease burden can benefit from the development of mathematical models of disease transmission. To date, however, comprehensive modeling of the parameters defining human infectivity to mosquitoes has remained elusive. Here, we describe a mechanistic within-host model of Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans and pathogen transmission to the mosquito vector. Our model incorporates the entire parasite lifecycle, including the intra-erythrocytic asexual forms responsible for disease, the onset of symptoms, the development and maturation of intra-erythrocytic gametocytes that are transmissible to Anopheles mosquitoes, and human-to-mosquito infectivity. These model components were parameterized from malaria therapy data and other studies to simulate individual infections, and the ensemble of outputs was found to reproduce the full range of patient responses to infection. Using this model, we assessed human infectivity over the course of untreated infections and examined the effects in relation to transmission intensity, expressed by the basic reproduction number R0 (defined as the number of secondary cases produced by a single typical infection in a completely susceptible population). Our studies predict that net human-to-mosquito infectivity from a single non-immune individual is on average equal to 32 fully infectious days. This estimate of mean infectivity is equivalent to calculating the human component of malarial R0. We also predict that mean daily infectivity exceeds five percent for approximately 138 days. The mechanistic framework described herein, made available as stand-alone software, will enable investigators to conduct detailed studies into theories of malaria control, including the effects of drug treatment and drug resistance on transmission
Opal export and burial in the Southern Ocean: Fragilariopsis kerguelensis versus diatoms
Erratum: A decadal decline in relative abundance and a shift in microphytoplankton composition at a long-term coastal station off southeast Australia
In this study, we examined 11 yr (1998-2009) of water samples collected from Port Hacking coastal monitoring station 8 km offshore from Sydney, Australia, to assess changes in the microphytoplankton in relation to climate-related trends in environmental variables. A total of 152 taxa (85 genera) were identified, with the small diatom Thalassiosira cf. partheneia and the tropical cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum being the dominant species over the past decade. Taxon richness showed a distinct seasonal pattern, peaking in the austral winter. Ordination analyses revealed significant seasonal and interannual trends in species composition, including a decadal decline in dinoflagellates relative to diatoms toward the present. This decadal shift in taxonomic composition was, in turn, significantly associated with declines in water temperatures over this time period. Total abundance varied by 12 orders of magnitude (8.5 X 10⁻⁸ to 7.4 X 10⁴ cells L⁻¹), with values separable into bloom and nonbloom regimes at an abundance threshold of 7.1 X 10⁻⁵ cells L⁻¹. Significant temporal declines in abundance were observed during both bloom and nonbloom regimes. Blooms occurred most consistently in March, September, and December.13 page(s
Complete Coherent Control of a Quantum Dot Strongly Coupled to a Nanocavity
Strongly coupled quantum dot-cavity systems provide a non-linear
configuration of hybridized light-matter states with promising quantum-optical
applications. Here, we investigate the coherent interaction between strong
laser pulses and quantum dot-cavity polaritons. Resonant excitation of
polaritonic states and their interaction with phonons allow us to observe
coherent Rabi oscillations and Ramsey fringes. Furthermore, we demonstrate
complete coherent control of a quantum dot-photonic crystal cavity based
quantum-bit. By controlling the excitation power and phase in a two-pulse
excitation scheme we achieve access to the full Bloch sphere. Quantum-optical
simulations are in good agreement with our experiments and provide insight into
the decoherence mechanisms
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