23 research outputs found
Laboratoire de sciences sociales
BenoĂźt de LâEstoile, professeur agrĂ©gĂ© Ă lâENS Atelier dâanthropologie politique : autour des « identitĂ©s » Le point de dĂ©part de lâatelier a Ă©tĂ© Ă la fois le constat dâune rĂ©currence du terme « identité » dans le discours mĂ©diatique et acadĂ©mique (y compris les travaux des Ă©tudiants), et la prĂ©occupation devant les usages politiques de la notion. On sâest donc Ă la fois intĂ©ressĂ© aux usages trĂšs diversifiĂ©s de la notion, en mettant en Ă©vidence les diffĂ©rentes constructions thĂ©oriques dans le..
EnquĂȘter en « situation coloniale »
Sâappuyant sur les archives de lâadministration coloniale de lâAfrique Ă©quatoriale française, lâarticle inscrit la production de savoirs par les chercheurs en sciences sociales dans la lignĂ©e dâefforts de mise en ordre â à la fois cognitive et politique â de la rĂ©alitĂ© africaine par les administrations coloniales et dans la lignĂ©e dâenquĂȘtes sur les populations indigĂšnes. Il Ă©claire les liens entre lâĂ©mergence aprĂšs 1945 de nouveaux objets dâenquĂȘtes, sur la politique, le changement social ou les villes, et la mise en place de nouveaux programmes de dĂ©veloppement, associĂ©s Ă une nouvelle gouvernementalitĂ© coloniale. Ainsi, les enquĂȘtes sociologiques sur les Fang sont associĂ©es Ă des projets de crĂ©ation de nouveaux villages, rĂ©pondant aux prĂ©occupations de lâadministration de mettre en place une « politique de la population ». Cette reconstruction apporte ainsi une lumiĂšre complĂ©mentaire sur la genĂšse de la notion de « situation coloniale » proposĂ©e par Georges Balandier, en resituant le parcours singulier de son auteur au sein de la trajectoire collective des chercheurs des instituts français de recherche coloniale en Afrique. Ainsi, lâĂ©mergence dâune nouvelle sous-discipline, la « sociologie des peuples dĂ©pendants » ou « sociologie dynamique » apparaĂźt un temps possible.Drawing on the archives of French Equatorial Africaâs colonial administration, this article inscribes the production of knowledge by social scientists within a larger tradition of attempts by colonial administrations at a cognitive and political reordering of African reality, and especially of fieldwork inquiries on native populations. It sheds light on the emergence after 1945 of new objects of inquiry, such as politics, social change or towns and cities, and the devising of new development programmes associated with the rise of a new colonial governmentality. Thus, sociologial inquiries on the Fang are associated with the project of creating new villages in an attempt to meet the administrationâs concerns with a âpopulation policy.â This reconstruction illuminates the genesis of Georges Balandierâs notion of âcolonial situationâ by resituating its authorâs unique itinerary within the collective trajectory of researchers in French colonial research institutes in Africa. The birth of a new sub-discipline, dubbed the âsociology of dependent peoplesâ or âdynamic sociology,â thus temporarily emerged as a possibility
"O dinheiro Ă© bom, mas um amigo Ă© melhor"
A partir de una etnografĂa de larga duraciĂłn en los proyectos de asentamiento de un programa estatal en lo que habĂan sido Ingenios azucareros en el nordeste de Brasil, cuestiono en este artĂculo la aparente evidencia de « la economĂa » como marco privilegiado para comprender la situaciĂłn de vida de los pobres, la que estĂĄ estructurada por la precariedad y la incertidumbre sobre el futuro. Explorando la semĂĄntica del verbo portuguĂ©s esperar (que condensa las acciones de esperar en el tiempo, de tener esperanza y de esperar algo probable) se analiza la pluralidad de posibles orientaciones frente al futuro de los antiguos trabajadores de la caña de azĂșcar, hoy beneficiarios de los proyectos de reforma agraria y sus estrategias para mitigar la incertidumbre en situaciones diversas. Mientras que la incertidumbre radical estĂĄ fuera del control de las personas, Ă©stas si pueden actuar sobre otras formas de incertidumbre relativas. Si bien el dinero es deseable, tiene un carĂĄcter transitorio, mientras que el valor de los amigos reside en su potencial de ayudar, especialmente en caso de crisis. En este sentido, la etnografĂa nos permite ir mĂĄs allĂĄ de una "antropologĂa econĂłmica" que propone analizar "otras economĂas", para explorar mĂĄs bien los campos de oportunidades y los marcos de referencia que estructuran las situaciones de vida de las personas y las versiones locales de oikonomia, en su significado original de "gobierno de la casa" (gouvernement of houselhold).
Based on long-term ethnographic research in state-run settlement projects on former sugarcane plantations in Northeast Brazil, this article questions the evidence of âthe economyâ as a privileged framework for understanding the life situation of the poor, structured by precariousness and uncertainty about the future. Exploring the polysemy of Portuguese esperar (to wait, to hope, and to expect), it analyzes the plurality of orientations to the future among former sugarcane wageworkers included as beneficiaries in land reform projects, and their strategies to mitigate uncertainty in various configurations. If radical uncertainty lies out of reach of human hands, relative uncertainty may be acted on by mobilizing people. While money is desirable, it has a transitory character; and the value of friends lies in their potential to help, especially in case of a crisis. Ethnography thus suggests moving beyond an âeconomic anthropologyâ that aims to analyze âother economiesâ in order to explore the fields of opportunities and frames of reference that structure life situations and the local versions of oikonomia in its original meaning of âgovernment of the householdâ.Com base numa etnografia de longo prazo em projetos de assentamento estatais em antigas plantaçÔes de cana-de-açĂșcar no Nordeste do Brasil, este documento questiona a evidĂȘncia da ideia de "economia" como um marco privilegiado para compreender a situação de vida dos pobres, que Ă© estruturada pela precariedade e incerteza quanto ao futuro. Explorando a polissemia do verbo portuguĂȘs âesperarâ (aguardar, esperar e contar con), analiso a pluralidade de orientaçÔes em relação ao futuro entre os antigos trabalhadores assalariados da cana-de-açĂșcar incluĂdos como beneficiĂĄrios em projetos de reforma agrĂĄria e as suas estratĂ©gias para mitigar a incerteza atravĂ©s de vĂĄrias configuraçÔes. Se a incerteza radical estĂĄ fora das mĂŁos do homem, a incerteza relativa pode ser dirimida atravĂ©s da mobilização das pessoas. Embora o dinheiro seja desejĂĄvel, ele tem um carĂĄter transitĂłrio e o valor dos amigos reside no seu potencial de ajuda, especialmente em caso de crise. A etnografia sugere assim que Ă© desejĂĄvel ir alĂ©m de uma "antropologia econĂŽmica" que visa analisar "outras economias" e se proponha a explorar os campos de oportunidades e quadros de referĂȘncia que estruturam as situaçÔes da vida e as variantes locais da oikonomia no seu significado original de âgoverno do agregado da famĂliaâ
Governing the house: an ethnographic approach (introduction)
This dossier is the outcome of an experiment. We challenged a group of scholars who have conducted long-term ethnographic research in various national settings (Brazil, Chile, France, Haiti, and Morocco) to take a new look at their material from the perspective of the government of the house. This project was conceived long before the Covid-19 pandemic propelled the government of the house into a key issue in public debates and policies at a global scale. âStay-at-homeâ (Fique em casa / Rest..
Les collections musĂ©ales dâart « non-occidental » : constitution et restitution aujourdâhui
Dans lâhistoire des objets, le passage dâun lieu dâusage actif au musĂ©e, intrinsĂšquement liĂ© Ă la conservation et Ă la recomposition des identitĂ©s et des nations, a souvent constituĂ© une rupture violente, dâautant plus lorsque ce passage a Ă©tĂ© imposĂ© de lâextĂ©rieur et lorsquâil coĂŻncide avec un transfert au loin, dans un contexte de domination quâil soit politique, militaire ou Ă©conomique. Pour ce qui concerne lâAfrique, Ezio Bassani a montrĂ© le peu dâobjets, identifiĂ©s comme venant dâAfrique..
A vida selvagem em vitrine: reflexÔes sobre os animais em museu
O animal selvagem, morto ou vivo, nos museus e exposiçÔes, provocam fascinação e desconforto simultaneamente e sĂŁo fontes de constantes inquietaçÔes para os curadores. Analisando diversas formas de âcolocar em museuâ o animal selvagem, na Ăfrica, na Europa e no Brasil, o artigo mostra como o museu funciona como instĂąncia de um processo de âdomesticação simbĂłlicaâ dos animais selvagens, analisando alguns dos desafios aos quais sĂŁo confrontados, atualmente, os museus de histĂłria natural
âA experiĂȘncia do museu Ă© a de se deslocarâ: entrevista com BenoĂźt de LâEstoile
Entrevista com BenoĂźt de LâEstoile, professor na Ăcole Normale SupĂ©rieure (Paris)
Terrains et fugues de Georges Balandier
Un an aprĂšs le dĂ©cĂšs de Georges Balandier, le 5 octobre 2016, les Cahiers dâĂtudes africaines rendent hommage Ă un fondateur et un continuel inspirateur. Câest ainsi la quĂȘte dâune prĂ©sence absente, dâune dimension cachĂ©e de la revue, qui a animĂ© la construction de ce numĂ©ro. Par son style fluide, insaisissable, au sens oĂč il ne peut ĂȘtre capturĂ© par un appareil thĂ©orique, Georges Balandier a dĂ©veloppĂ© une pensĂ©e ouverte aux surgissements, Ă la dynamique perpĂ©tuelle des mondes sociaux, prĂȘte Ă toujours proposer de nouvelles catĂ©gories adaptĂ©es aux situations et Ă leurs reconfigurations. Ă travers une Ćuvre caractĂ©risĂ©e par un champ sĂ©mantique Ă la fois riche et Ă©volutif, cet homme de science et de lettres a commutĂ© en objets de recherche une vaste sĂ©rie de questionnements et a tracĂ© des lignes de pensĂ©e, prolongĂ©es par diverses entreprises de recherche, notamment sur lâactualitĂ© des terrains africains. One year after the death of Georges Balandier (5 octobre 2016), the Cahiers dâĂtudes africaines honors a key founder of and continuing inspiration to our journal. A quest for an absent presence, this issue is motivated by seeking out this hidden dimension. If Georges Balandierâs style was somehow fluid and elusive, it was because it resisted being caught in theoretical constructs. Always prepared to address new categories adapted to situations and their reconfigurations, his thought was ever open to the upheavals and perpetual dynamics of social worlds. Through a body of work characterized by its rich and modulating semantic field, this man of the arts and sciences transformed a vast series of issues and concerns into objects of his research thus tracing lines of thought and extending various investigations into the field, in particular, onto present-day African turf