48 research outputs found
Local and systemic effects of angiotensin receptor blockade in an emphysema mouse model
Driving forces of vertical intra-industry trade in Europe 1996–2005
Vertical intra-industry trade, European trade, Panel data, F10, F14, F15,
Mega pockmarks within the Upper Cretaceous Chalk Group in the Danish Central Graben:evidence for large-scale outburst of fluids
Characterization and origin of large Campanian depressions within the Chalk Group of the Danish Central Graben – implications for hydrocarbon exploration and development
Misleading Long Post-Pacing Interval After Entrainment of Typical Atrial Flutter From the Cavotricuspid Isthmus
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and mechanism of a misleading long post-pacing interval (PPI) upon entrainment of typical atrial flutter (AFL) from the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI).BackgroundIn typical AFL, the PPI from entrainment at the CTI is expected to closely match the tachycardia cycle-length (TCL).MethodsSixty patients with confirmed CTI-dependent AFL were retrospectively analyzed and grouped into short (≤30 ms) or long (>30 ms) PPI-TCL. Thereafter, we prospectively studied 16 patients to acquire the PPI-TCL at 4 CTI sites with entrainment at pacing cycle-lengths (PCLs) 10 to 40 ms shorter than the TCL. Conduction times during AFL and entrainment were compared in 5 segments of the AFL circuit.ResultsEleven patients (18%) in the retrospective analysis had a long PPI-TCL after entrainment from the CTI. Subjects with long PPI-TCL had similar baseline characteristics but greater beat-to-beat TCL variability. In the prospective cohort, PPI-TCL was influenced by the difference between PCL and TCL and site of entrainment. Conduction delays associated with a long PPI-TCL were located predominantly in the segment activated first by the paced orthodromic wave front, and were mainly due to local pacing latency, as confirmed by the use of monophasic action potential catheters.ConclusionsA long PPI upon entrainment of typical AFL from the CTI is common and due to delayed conduction with entrainment. Whether these findings apply to other macro–re-entrant tachycardias warrants further investigation