Characteristics of innovating users in a consumer goods field: An empirical study of sport-related product consumers

We report on a survey of the innovation activities and characteristics of 153 users of outdoor-related consumer products. We find a high level of innovation by these consumers. Thirty-seven percent report that they have developed ideas for new or improved products, and more than 9% report building product prototypes or even marketable products. We also find that innovating users can be reliably distinguished from non-innovating ones by characteristics such as the benefit they expect from using their innovations and the level of expertise they have in their sport. Taken together, these two findings - frequent innovation by consumers and the possibility to identify efficiently those who innovate - imply that innovation by users can be an important source of new product ideas for consumer goods companies. Effective utilization of this resource will require significant changes in idea generation methodologies for many consumer good firms. --Produktinnovation,Produktentwicklung,Lead User

Innovation search fields with Lead Users

Close orientation with the market is essential for innovation success! Although both academics and market research practitioners would generally agree with this statement, alignment with the needs of the customer often results in conservative innovation strategies. Due to their focus on what is currently on offer in the marketplace, customers primarily demand small, step-wise developments - so-called incremental innovations. This dilemma can be overcome through with the help of particularly advanced customers (Lead Users). The Lead User method aids companies in capitalizing on the innovative potential of these highly qualified customers. A case study with the German firm, Johnson & Johnson Medical GmbH, demonstrated that Breakthrough Innovations are achievable this way. -- Kundenorientierung ist entscheidend für den Innovationserfolg! Obwohl dem Wissenschaftler und Praktiker in der Marktforschung grundsätzlich zustimmen dürften, ist mit der konsequenten Ausrichtung auf die Kundenbedürfnisse gleichzeitig der Nachteil einer konservativen Innovationspolitik verbunden. Kunden fördern durch ihre Fixierung auf aktuelle Marktangebot primär kleine Weiterentwicklungen, d.h. inkrementale Innovationen. Dieses Dilemma kann mit Hilfe besonders fortschrittlicher Kunden (Lead User) überwunden werden. Die Lead User Methode hilft Unternehmen dabei, das innovative Potential dieser hochqualifizierten Kunden zu nutzen. Eine Fallanwendung mit der Johnson&Johnson Medical GmbH demonstriert, wie auf diese Weise Ansätze für radikale Innovationen erarbeitet werden können.Produktentwicklung,Produktinnovation,Marktforschung,Lead User

Tagebuchs-Auszug betreffend die Reise S.M.S. "Hertha" nach Ost-Asien und den Südsee-Inseln 1874 – 1877 im Museum für Völkerkunde der Universität Kiel

Der Fotobestand des "Digitalisierten kolonialen Bildprojekts" ist keine homogene Sammlung, sondern ein Konglomerat unterschiedlicher Sammlungen und Zusammenstellungen. Diese vielen Einzelteile sind, je nach Intention des Photographen oder Sammlers, unterschiedlich erschlossen und dokumentiert. Ein besonders gutes Beispiel ist der Bericht von Gustav Adolf Riemer, der an der Marine-Expedition nach Ostasien und den Südsee-Inseln 1874 – 1877 teilnahm und diese Reise mit seiner Kamera dokumentierte. Für die Reiseteilnehmer stellte er ein kommentiertes Fotoalbum zusammen. Ein Exemplar dieses Tagebuchs wurde von Eugen Ley, Sohn des Oberbootsmanns Carl Alexander Ley (1847 – 1928), 1947 an das Museum für Völkerkunde der Universität Kiel übergeben, das den Bildbestand dieses Albums der Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main für die Veröffentlichung im Internet zur Verfügung stellte. Neben dem kommentierten Album liegt eine wissenschaftliche Bewertung der Arbeit und des Lebens von Gustav Adolf Riemer vor. Der leicht gekürzte Text von Uwe Lüthje (2002) zeigt den technischsozialen Hintergrund der Entstehung des genannten Tagebuchs-Auszuges auf

How to use analogies for breakthrough innovations

Analogies can trigger breakthrough ideas in new product development. Numerous examples demonstrate that substantial innovations often result from transferring problem solutions from one industry or domain to another. For instance, the designers of the new running shoe generation of Nike, Nike SHOX, use the same suspension concept like the technologies applied for Formula 1 racing cars, or the biological Lotus-effect led to the development of various self-cleaning surfaces. Academic research on analogical thinking has been so far heavily influenced by general theoretical work from cognitive psychology or systematic inventing. Only a small number of studies have investigated the application of analogies in the specific context of breakthrough innovation projects. This paper focuses on the question how analogies can be systematically used in the early innovation phases of new product development and which factors influence the successful use of analogical thinking in innovating companies. Special attention is paid to organizational facilitators and the requests on people involved in this process. --

Generating innovations through analogies: An empirical investigation of knowledge brokers

In this paper we explore how knowledge brokers - specialised design and engineering companies offering services to clients in diverse industries - use analogies for product development. Our research is based on interviews with project leaders of 13 knowledge brokering companies. The interviews focused on product development projects in which analogies were used. First, we categorize these cases according to the motivation to use analogies (efficiency vs. innovativeness). Second, we describe and analyse the process of using analogies. Our results show that analogies are frequently and very pragmatically applied throughout the whole development process. We also found that individual characteristics of the persons participating in such projects are the crucial factor that influences the outcome of the project. --product development,knowledge brokers,analogy

The 'making' of an entrepreneur: testing a model of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students at MIT

In the present study a covariance structure model is tested to identify the causes of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students. Specifically, we explore whether steady personal dispositions or whether perceptions of contextual founding conditions have an impact on the intention to found one's own business. The survey of 512 students at the MIT School of Engineering broadly confirms the model. Personality traits have a strong impact on the attitude towards self-employment. The entrepreneurial attitude is strongly linked with the intention to start a new venture. The students' personality therefore shows an indirect effect on intentions. Furthermore, the entrepreneurial intent is directly affected by perceived barriers and support factors in the entrepreneurship-related context. The findings have important implications for policy makers inside and outside universities. (authors' abstract

Evaluation of minimal fracture liaison service resource : costs and survival in secondary fracture prevention-a prospective one-year study in South-Finland

Background Fracture liaison service (FLS) is a secondary prevention model for identification of patients at risk for fragility fractures. Aims This study was conducted to evaluate the number and costs of secondary prevention of low-energy fractures in the city of Kouvola in Finland. Methods Women aged >= 45 years and men >= 60 years treated in the emergency department with a low-energy fracture were identified. Laboratory testing, BMI, and DXA scans were performed. Fracture Risk Assessment Tool was used. The direct FLS costs were calculated. Survival was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis and the life-table method. Results 525 patients with 570 fractures were identified. The mean age of women was 73.8 years and of men 75.9 years. Most patients sustained wrist (31%), hip (21%) or proximal humerus (12%) fractures. 41.5% of the patients had osteoporosis according to DXA scans. 62% of patients used calcium and vitamin D daily and 38% started anti-osteoporotic medication. Protective factors for survival were: age <80 years, female sex, and S-25OHD concentration of 50-119 nmol/L. Excess mortality was highest among patients with a fracture of the femur. The total annual direct costs of FLS were 1.3% of the costs of all fractures. Discussion Many low-energy fracture types were associated with excess mortality. The use of anti-osteoporotic medication was not optimal. Conclusions FLS increased the catchment of low-energy fracture patients and was inexpensive. However, identification, evaluation and post-fracture assessment of patients should be expedited. Rehabilitation of hip fracture patients needs to be improved.Peer reviewe

The process of user-innovation: A case study on user innovation in a consumer goods setting

Manufacturers usually benefit by dividing their innovation processes into distinct phases in order to ensure that the development activities are performed efficiently in an appropriate sequence. Users usually do not apply such structured processes. They follow a more intuition-driven approach. In this paper we analyze the way users improve or develop novel products. The field of our research is a new and rapidly evolving consumer market, the sport of kite surfing. We identified a sequence that underlies the approaches of user inventors. This sequence consists of two major stages, (1) idea generation and (2) idea realization, each again subdivided. We propose that a manufacturer in the relevant product field can significantly profit from more closely observing such user activities: Better understanding of tacit needs which cannot be derived by applying classical market research methods. Learn about the adequacy of solutions from the user. This may guide their development activities and prevent development of inadequate solutions. Collect user ideas as well as corresponding solution knowledge at very low tariffs and increase reputation as a customer-close organization. --Produktinnovation,Produktentwicklung,Benutzer / Beteiligung

Including Physics in Deep Learning -- An example from 4D seismic pressure saturation inversion

Geoscience data often have to rely on strong priors in the face of uncertainty. Additionally, we often try to detect or model anomalous sparse data that can appear as an outlier in machine learning models. These are classic examples of imbalanced learning. Approaching these problems can benefit from including prior information from physics models or transforming data to a beneficial domain. We show an example of including physical information in the architecture of a neural network as prior information. We go on to present noise injection at training time to successfully transfer the network from synthetic data to field data.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, workshop, extended abstract, EAGE 2019 Workshop Programme, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineer