RNA Sequencing Reveals the Potential Adaptation Mechanism to Different Hosts of <i>Grapholita molesta</i>

Grapholita molesta is an important fruit tree worldwide pest which feeds on hosts extensively and does serious harm. In this paper, the growth and development parameters and protease activities of G. molesta fed on different hosts were compared. Using Illumina RNA sequencing technology, 18 midgut samples from five different hosts (apple, pear, plum, peach and peach shoots) and artificial diet were sequenced and compared with the reference genome, resulting in 15269 genes and 2785 predicted new genes. From 15 comparative combinations, DEGs were found from 286 to 4187 in each group, with up-regulated genes from 107 to 2395 and down-regulated genes from 83 to 2665. KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEGs were associated with amino acid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and hydrolase activity. A total of 31 co-expression gene modules of different hosts were identified by WGCNA. qRT-PCR showed that the expression pattern of the trypsin gene was consistent with RNA sequencing. In this study, growth and development parameters, protease activity, DEGs, enrichment analysis and qRT-PCR were combined to reveal the adaptation process to different hosts of G. molesta in many aspects. The results of this study provide a basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of host adaptation of G. molesta.</i

新疆阿尔泰南缘乌吐布拉克铁矿成矿机制研究/Study on the ore-forming mechanism of the Wutubulake iron deposit in the southern of Altay,Xinjiang[J]

乌吐布拉克中型铁矿床赋存于上志留统-下泥盆统康布铁堡组变质火山-沉积岩系中,矿体呈似层状、透镜状,矿体及其周围发育大量矽卡岩矿物组合.早期矽卡岩阶段包裹体均一温度为256～534℃,盐度为11.90％ - ＞73.96％ NaCleqv,密度为0.56 ～0.96g/cm3,表明成矿流体为高-中温、高-中盐度、高-中密度的NaCl-H2O体系;退化蚀变阶段包裹体均一温度为188～313℃,盐度为12.30％～＞39.76％ NaCleqv,密度为0.83 ～ 1.05g/cm3,表明成矿流体为中温、中-低盐度、高-中密度的NaCl-H2O体系.石英-硫化物-碳酸盐阶段包裹体均一温度为162 ～ 320℃,盐度为2.90％～15.57％ NaCleqv,密度为0.70～1.02g/cm3,成矿流体为NaCl-H2O-CO2±CH-4或N2型流体.石榴子石氢氧同位素表明早期矽卡岩阶段成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水,石英及方解石的氢氧同位素暗示石英-硫化物-碳酸盐阶段存在低温、低盐度的大气降水的加入.方解石的碳、氧同位素表明流体中碳主要来自深部岩浆.硫化物硫同位素表明硫来源于岩浆硫.成矿机制可能为早三叠世岩浆热液交代上志留-下泥盆统康布铁堡组火山岩形成矽卡岩矿物,在矽卡岩退化蚀变过程中形成铁矿体