First documented occurrences of Cladonia krogiana and C. rangiformis in north America

Funding Information: We thank Scott LaGreca for providing a photograph of the specimen of C. rangiformis at BM that was reportedly collected on Bermuda; Bruce Allen and the late Ronald Pursell for allowing us to cite their collections of Homalothecium sericeum from Newfoundland; Zdeněk Palice for enabling us to compare his collection of C. krogiana from the Czech Republic with material from Canada and Norway; Nathalie Djan-Chékar (Provincial Museum of Newfoundland and Labrador) for co-organizing the 2007 Tuckerman Workshop; and Irwin Brodo, James Lendemer, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Permission to collect lichens in Fundy National Park and New River Beach Provincial Park (NRBPP) was approved by Renee Wissink (Parks Canada) and Martin MacMullin (NB Department of Tourism, Heritage, and Culture). Fieldwork in NRBPP and follow-up studies were supported in part by the New Brunswick Wildlife Trust Fund and the New Brunswick Environmental Trust Fund. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved.– Cladonia krogiana, previously known only from Norway and the Czech Republic, is reported here for North America from two localities near the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada. It occurs there on open, rocky banks of clear, free-flowing rivers, habitats similar to those in which it has been found in Norway. We also document the occurrence of C. rangiformis in North America, based on collections from two localities on the southwest coast of Conception Bay, on the Avalon Peninsula of the island of Newfoundland, Canada. It is possibly an accidental, but naturalized, introduction in this area, where European settlement began in the early 1600s. A molecular phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identity of one of the Newfoundland specimens. The IGS rDNA haplotype to which it belongs is the same as the most widely distributed haplotype of C. rangiformis in Europe and Macaronesia. Previous reports of C. rangiformis for continental North America are based on misidentifications. A 19th century collection reportedly made on the island of Bermuda, while correctly identified, is of uncertain provenance.Peer reviewe