Estrategia educativa para capacitar asistentes de enfermería sobre lactancia materna / An educative strategy to train Nursing Assistant on breastfeeding procedures

La capacitación permanente es una actividad de superación para todos los trabajadores del sistema de salud cubano. Se realizó una investigación aplicada, de intervención educativa, casi experimental, de carácter transversal, que tuvo como objetivo evaluar el nivel de conocimientos y habilidades que poseían las Asistentes de Enfermería (AE) sobre la lactancia materna, que permitió la ejecución de una nueva estrategia con una duración de 40 horas con una evaluación inicial y final en el Policlínico Universitario "Hermanos Cruz", en el municipio Pinar del Río de febrero - junio de 2008. Se escogieron como universo mediante un muestreo intencional 49 AE. Los métodos de investigación utilizados fueron empíricos, tipo encuesta (cuestionario y entrevista verbal) y de medición estadística descriptiva y deductiva (prueba de diferencia de proporciones, trabajando con un 95 % de certeza). Arribamos a los siguientes resultados: antes de la intervención, menor de un tercio de las AE poseían conocimientos sobre lactancia materna. Se elevó muy significativamente (p<0,01) el nivel de conocimientos y habilidades sobre lactancia materna, duración, técnicas de extracción manual y conservación, después de la intervención educativa. El curso de capacitación de lactancia materna impartido consintió un cambio muy significativo en los conocimientos y habilidades alcanzados. Palabras clave: educación, enfermería, lactancia materna. ABSTRACT Training activity for all the workers of the Cuban Health System is permanent. An applied, with educative intervention, almost experimental having a cross-sectional character research was carried out with the purpose of assessing the level of knowledge and skills that Nursing Assistants (NA) had about breastfeeding procedures; this allowed the implementation of a new 40 hours-duration strategy establishing an initial and final evaluation at "Hermanos Cruz" University Outpatient Clinic from February to June 2008. The universe (49 NA) was chosen by means of an intentional sample. The research methods used were empirical, surveys (questions and verbal interview), descriptive and deductive statistics ( odds ratio test 95% of certainty). Results: before the intervention the < of the nursing assistants had knowledge of breastfeeding procedures. After the educative intervention, skills, level of information, duration, manual extraction and ways of conservation increased (p<0,01) significantly. The training course to teach breastfeeding techniques for Nursing Assistants showed a very significant change in the achievement of knowledge and skills. Key words: education, nursing, breast feeding

Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in hypertensive patients

Introducción: la antropometría ofrece herramientas costo efectivas para la detección de la obesidad, con la identificación de riesgos para el desarrollo de la hipertensión arterial.Objetivo: evaluar antropométricamente el estado nutricional de los pacientes hipertensos pertenecientes al CMF # 17, policlínico Raúl Sánchez, municipio Pinar del Río, durante el período de noviembre de 2018 a julio de 2021.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal con un universo de 209 pacientes hipertensos, se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, peso, estatura, índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura, circunferencia de la cadera, índice cintura cadera, índice cintura talla, pliegues cutáneos, por ciento de grasa corporal, hábitos alimentarios y sedentarismo, se confeccionó una base de datos y se realizó el procesamiento estadístico de todas las variables.Resultados: de los 143 pacientes hipertensos estudiados, 35 eran obesos (24,47 %) según el IMC. Predominó el sexo femenino (71,43 %), el grupo etario entre 50 – 65 (51,43 % grupo I vs. 38,89 grupo II), los hábitos alimentarios inadecuados (82,86 %) y el sedentarismo (100 %), lo que mostró relación directa con la obesidad. El por ciento de grasa corporal permitió que se clasificaran como obesos siete nuevos pacientes cuyo IMC era inferior a 30.Conclusiones: el estudio mostró una elevada incidencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad entre los pacientes con Hipertensión Arterial, se demostró una relación directa entre determinados factores de riesgo y el desarrollo de la enfermedad.Introduction: anthropometry offers cost-effective tools for the detection of obesity, identifying risks for the development of hypertension.Objective: to assess anthropometrically the nutritional status of hypertensive patients belonging to Doctor’s Office No-17, Raul Sanchez polyclinic, Pinar del Rio municipality, during the period from November 2018 to July 2021.Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with a target group of 209 hypertensive patients, the variables were: age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip index, waist height index, skin folds, body fat percentage, eating habits and sedentary lifestyle were studied, a database was made and the statistical processing of all variables was performed.Results: of the 143 hypertensive patients studied, 35 were obese (24,47 %) according to BMI. Female sex predominated (71,43 %), age group between 50 - 65 (51,43 % group I vs. 38,89 group II), inadequate eating habits (82,86 %) and sedentary lifestyle (100 %), showing a direct relationship with obesity. The body fat percentage allowed 7 new patients whose BMI was below 30 to be classified as obese.Conclusions: the study showed a high incidence of overweight and obesity among patients suffering from hypertension, demonstrating a direct relationship between certain risk factors and the development of the disease

Genital alterations in leptospiras infection in pregnant Wistar rats

Introducción: la leptospirosis en Cuba se presenta de forma endémica, y a veces de forma epidémica, por lo que es un problema de salud. Su efecto sobre los genitales internos, en gestantes, ha sido poco tratado por los investigadores.Objetivo: describir las principales alteraciones en los genitales internos de ratas Wistar gestadas infestadas por leptospiras.Métodos: se realizó un estudio experimental en ratas Wistar preñadas: siete grupos con tres animales cada uno: un control negativo y seis casos con dosis de una concentración bacteriana de 300 millones de Leptospiras por mL; se inocularon dos mililitros a cada animal al cuarto día de gestadas por 17 meses. Se tomaron los genitales internos de todas las ratas el día 20 de la gestación, estos fueron procesados en parafina y teñidos con hematoxilina/eosina.Resultados: se observaron alteraciones en útero, ovarios y trompas; el mayor número de lesiones se presentaron en útero mientras que en ovarios y trompas se visualizaron la misma cantidad de lesiones.Conclusiones: la leptospirosis infectó los genitales internos con la producción de quistes, necrosis, abscesos, ooforitis y microhemorragias en ovarios; congestión vascular y hemorragias en las trompas uterinas y endometritis, hemorragias, miometritis,  piometristis, perimetritis y congestión vascular en el útero. Predominaron las alteraciones congestivas y hemorrágicas.Introduction: leptospirosis in Cuba occurs endemically, and sometimes epidemically, making it a health problem. Its effect on internal genitalia in pregnant women has been little treated by researchers.Objective: to describe the main alterations in the internal genitalia of pregnant Wistar rats infested by leptospiras.Methods: an experimental study was carried out in pregnant Wistar rats: 7 groups with three animals each: 1 negative control and 6 cases with doses of a bacterial concentration of 300 million Leptospira per mL; each animal was inoculated with two milliliters on the fourth day of pregnancy for 17 months. The internal genitalia of all rats were taken on day 20 of gestation, processed in kerosene and stained with hematoxylin/eosin.Results: alterations were observed in the uterus, ovaries and tubes; the greatest number of lesions was present in the uterus while the same number of lesions was visualized in the ovaries and tubes.Conclusions: leptospirosis infected the internal genitalia producing cysts, necrosis, abscesses, oophoritis and microhemorrhages in the ovaries; vascular congestion and hemorrhages in the uterine tubes and endometritis, hemorrhages, myometritis, pyometristis, perimetritis and vascular congestion in the uterus. Congestive and hemorrhagic alterations predominated

Evaluación antropométrica del estado nutricional en pacientes hipertensos

Introduction: anthropometry offers cost-effective tools for the detection of obesity, identifying risks for the development of hypertension.Objective: to assess anthropometrically the nutritional status of hypertensive patients belonging to Doctor’s Office No-17, Raul Sanchez polyclinic, Pinar del Rio municipality, during the period from November 2018 to July 2021.Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with a target group of 209 hypertensive patients, the variables were: age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip index, waist height index, skin folds, body fat percentage, eating habits and sedentary lifestyle were studied, a database was made and the statistical processing of all variables was performed.Results: of the 143 hypertensive patients studied, 35 were obese (24,47 %) according to BMI. Female sex predominated (71,43 %), age group between 50 - 65 (51,43 % group I vs. 38,89 group II), inadequate eating habits (82,86 %) and sedentary lifestyle (100 %), showing a direct relationship with obesity. The body fat percentage allowed 7 new patients whose BMI was below 30 to be classified as obese.Conclusions: the study showed a high incidence of overweight and obesity among patients suffering from hypertension, demonstrating a direct relationship between certain risk factors and the development of the disease.Introducción: la antropometría ofrece herramientas costo efectivas para la detección de la obesidad, con la identificación de riesgos para el desarrollo de la hipertensión arterial.Objetivo: evaluar antropométricamente el estado nutricional de los pacientes hipertensos pertenecientes al CMF # 17, policlínico Raúl Sánchez, municipio Pinar del Río, durante el período de noviembre de 2018 a julio de 2021.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal con un universo de 209 pacientes hipertensos, se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, peso, estatura, índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura, circunferencia de la cadera, índice cintura cadera, índice cintura talla, pliegues cutáneos, por ciento de grasa corporal, hábitos alimentarios y sedentarismo, se confeccionó una base de datos y se realizó el procesamiento estadístico de todas las variables.Resultados: de los 143 pacientes hipertensos estudiados, 35 eran obesos (24,47 %) según el IMC. Predominó el sexo femenino (71,43 %), el grupo etario entre 50 – 65 (51,43 % grupo I vs. 38,89 grupo II), los hábitos alimentarios inadecuados (82,86 %) y el sedentarismo (100 %), lo que mostró relación directa con la obesidad. El por ciento de grasa corporal permitió que se clasificaran como obesos siete nuevos pacientes cuyo IMC era inferior a 30.Conclusiones: el estudio mostró una elevada incidencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad entre los pacientes con Hipertensión Arterial, se demostró una relación directa entre determinados factores de riesgo y el desarrollo de la enfermedad

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals