Infarto de miocardio y cocaína

Inclou referències bibliogràfiquesCocaine abus

Temporary disability cost in a balearic island social care company. Related variables

El coste de la Incapacidad Temporal (IT) en España ha ido aumentando en los últimos años, lo que ha llevado a las administraciones a tomar medidas para hacer más eficaz su gestión incluyendo a diferentes entidades y profesionales especializados. Para minimizar el impacto económico empresarial y plantear estrategias preventivas en los trabajadores es necesario un mejor conocimiento de los factores que puedan influir en los procesos y en las personas. Metodología: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los costes atribuibles a IT en una empresa del sector socio-sanitario, en seguimiento durante toda su vida activa y sobre la base de los datos aportados por la empresa. Se relaciona el coste de la IT con el presupuesto general de la empresa y con variables sociodemográficas y laborales. Resultados: se han registrado 428.134 jornadas de trabajo perdidas y 341.284 días de sustitución. El coste total de la IT para la empresa, incluyendo ambos conceptos, fue de 27.314.306 euros, y de 11.836.526 euros para la Mutua Colaboradora de la Seguridad Social (solo en IT). El gasto total fue de 39.150.832 euros, el 7,7% del presupuesto total de la empresa. Es mayor el coste de la IT en mujeres y en trabajadores no manuales, en base a variables como la edad, al hecho de pertenecer al grupo de trabajadores de clase 1 y de haber cursado estudios universitarios. Conclusiones: El coste en IT supone un porcentaje considerable en relación al presupuesto global de las empresas influyendo variables de edad, sexo y aspectos sociolaborales y culturales.The cost of Temporary Disability (TD) in Spain has been increasing in recent years, which has led administrations to take measures to make their management more effective, including different entities and specialized professionals. In order to minimize the business economic impact and to propose preventive strategies in the workers it is necessary a better knowledge of the factors that can influence in the processes and in the people. Methodology: A retrospective descriptive study of the costs attributable to TD in a company in the socio-sanitary sector, which is monitored throughout its working life and based on data provided by the company’s Human Resources department and official salary tables. The TD cost is related to the general budget of the company and to sociodemographic and labor variables. Results: 428,144 lost workdays and 341,284 replacement days were registered. The total cost of IT for the company, including both concepts, was 27,314,306 euros, and 11,836,526 euros for the Mutual Insurance Company-Social Security Collaborator (TD only). Total expenditure was 39,150,832 euros, or 7.7% of the company’s total budget. The cost of IT in women and non-manual workers is higher, increasing on the basis of age, belonging to the group of workers of class 1 and having undergone university studies. Conclusions: TD costs represent a considerable percentage of the companies’ overall budget, influencing variables of age, sex, and socio-labor and cultural aspects

Corporal body adiposity (BAI) and abdominal volume (AVI) indices: Relationship with obesity scales in the working population

Objective: Obesity is a growing pandemic and body mass index (BMI) is insufficient to assess the risk of complications. Other estimates of adiposity are used.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in 193,462 workers. BMI, CUN-BAE (Clínica Universitaria de Navarra Body adiposity Estimator), Cordoba Equation (ECORE-BF), Relative Fat Mass (RFM), Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) and Palafolls formula. Their correlation with body adiposity index (BAI) and abdominal volume (AVI) was estimated. SPSS 27.0 was used, considering statistical significance p<0.05.Results: With all scales AVI and BAI are higher in obesity. AVI is higher in men, except with METS-VF. BAI in women has higher values in all scales. The highest values of AVI and BAI are with METS-VF, the lowest with PALAFOLLS. There is a good correlation of BMI with AVI and BAI and with the RFM and METS-VF scales and a very good correlation with Palafolls, ECORE-BF and CUN BAE. AVI and BAI show good correlation with Palafolls, ECORE-BF and CUN BAE and very good correlation with RFM and METS-VF.Conclusions: AVI and BAI show differences in their values according to sex. With METS-VF, both indexes are higher in men and women. AVI and BAI show good correlation with BMI and RFM. With METS-VF very good correlation with AVI. With the rest of the scales BAI and AVI show moderate or good correlation. The simplicity of these formulas and of both indexes makes them recommendable in clinical practice

Occupational Nursing Intervention in cardiovascular assessment in health professionals in the Spanish Mediterranean area

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera causa de muerte en el mundo y guardan una estrecha relación con diferentes factores de riesgo modificables a través de un cambio en el estilo de vida de las personas. Los profesionales sanitarios presentan riesgo para su salud por ser una profesión ejercida bajo estrés y desgaste profesional. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de riesgo cardiovascular según el grupo de profesional sanitario. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y transversal en 8475 profesionales sanitarios (6645 mujeres y 1830 varones) del área mediterránea española. Se valoran variables antropométricas relacionadas con riesgo cardiovascular, índices aterogénicos, síndrome metabólico, escalas de riesgo cardiovascular y escalas de riesgo de diabetes tipo 2. Se realiza análisis multivariante mediante regresión logística y se determinan las odss ratio. Resultados: La mayor prevalencia de riesgo cardiovascular se obtiene en auxiliares y la menor en Enfermería. Los varones presentan mayor riesgo que las mujeres en todos los parámetros analizados. El hábito tabáquico, consumo de alcohol y obesidad afectan negativamente al riesgo cardiovascular. La realización de ejercicio y una alimentación saludable afectan de manera positiva. Discusión: La existencia de diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en personas aparentemente sanas muestra la necesidad de más estudios para proporcionar las medidas preventivas más adecuadas. Es importante la figura del especialista en Enfermería del Trabajo, crucial para realizar una adecuada vigilancia de la salud de los trabajadores y detectar posibles patologías y alteraciones desconocidas en ese momento.Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world and are closely related to different modifiable risk factors through a change in people’s lifestyle. Health professionals are in risk for their health because it is a profession exercised under stress and professional wear. Objective: To identify the level of cardiovascular risk according to the group of health professionals. Methods: Retrospective and transversal study of 8475 health professionals (6645 women and 1830 men) in the Spanish Mediterranean area. Anthropometric variables related to cardiovascular risk, atherogenic indexes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk scales and risk scales of developing type 2 diabetes are evaluated. A multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression and odss ratios were estimated. Results: The highest prevalence of cardiovascular risk is obtained in auxiliaries and the lowest in Nursing. Males are at higher risk than females in all parameters analyzed. Smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity negatively affect cardiovascular risk negatively. Physical exercise and healthy eating affect positively. Discussion: The existence of different cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy individuals shows the need for more studies to provide the most appropriate preventive measures. It is important the figure of the specialist in Occupational Nursing, essential to develop an adequate monitoring of the health of the workers and to detect possible pathologies unknown at that moment

Ageing in the working population associated with obesity and cardiovascular risk parameters

Objective: The shift experienced in recent decades in developed countries, with an aging population, also affects the working population. This is associated with an increase in diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between aging in men and women with respect to obesity and cardiovascular risk in a working population. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 389 workers in the chemical industry sector of the Autonomous Community of Murcia. The relationship between age and BMI, CUN BAE, and RCV SCORE in men and women was calculated. Results: In both sexes, people ≥ 50 years show a higher BMI and body fat percentage than those < 50 years with p <0.001. In the female population aged ≥ 50 years, an increase in body fat percentage is observed compared to those aged < 50 years with p <0.001. CUN BAE shows higher values in individuals aged ≥ 50 years in both sexes (p <0.001), being higher in women. The RCV SCORE in both sexes is low in the studied population, with no significant differences observed by sex and age. Conclusions: Significant differences are observed in workers aged ≥ 50 years in obesity, BMI, and CUN BAE. Therefore, in order to act in primary prevention and health promotion in obesity and RCV related to aging within companies, it is useful to include parameters such as: BMI, CUN BAE, and RCV SCORE in health surveillance protocols

Visceral and dysfunctional adiposity indexes: Relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors

Objective: Obesity is a worldwide disease in which visceral obesity is related to increased cardiometabolic risk. The aim of this study was to estimate the associative capacity of visceral adiposity index and dysfunctional adiposity index on cardiometabolic risk in the working population. Material and methods: Descriptive study of 418,343 workers during health surveillance in their companies. VAI and DAI were calculated according to their equations and cardiometabolic risk with arterial hypertension, diabetes and atherogenic dyslipidemia, lipid triad, diabesity, and hypertriglyceridemic waist. Mean VAI and DAI values and associative capacity with ROC curves were calculated. The statistical program used SPSS 27.0, with statistical significance p<0.05. Results: Percentage values of all parameters and assessment methods used are higher in men than in women (p<0.0001) Mean values of VAI are higher than those of DAI and higher in men (p<0.0001). VAI and DAI show high associative capacity for atherogenic dyslipidemia, lipid triad and hypertriglyceridemic waist in both sexes with the area under the AUC curve>0.9 in all cases. In diabesity only AUC>0.8 values are obtained for VAI and for diabetes, both VAI and DAI only in women exceed AUC>0.8, in men In HT, VAI, and DAI do not show associative capacity in men or in women (AUC<0.7). Conclusions: Cardiometabolic risk estimation is different in men and women and varies according to the method used. Adiposity indices VAI and DAI show high associative capacity in cardiometabolic risk, especially in atherogenic dyslipidemia, lipid triad, and hypertriglyceridemic waist in both sexes

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in adults: a before and after pandemic lockdown longitudinal study

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic disease caused by the accumulation of fat in the liver related to overweight and obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and high levels of triglycerides and leads to an increased cardiovascular risk. It is considered a global pandemic, coinciding with the pandemic in 2020 caused by the 'coronavirus disease 2019' (COVID-19). Due to COVID-19, the population was placed under lockdown. The aim of our study was to evaluate how these unhealthy lifestyle modifications influenced the appearance of metabolic alterations and the increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 6236 workers in a Spanish population between March 2019 and March 2021. Results: Differences in the mean values of anthropometric and clinical parameters before and after lockdown were revealed. There was a statistically significant worsening in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in the insulin resistance scales, with increased body weight, BMI, cholesterol levels with higher LDL levels, and glucose and a reduction in HDL levels. Conclusions: Lockdown caused a worsening of cardiovascular risk factors due to an increase in liver fat estimation scales and an increased risk of presenting with NAFLD and changes in insulin resistance. Keywords: COVID-19; insulin resistance; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease