Industrial concentration in assembly production--the case of the Maquiladora sector in Mexico

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1992.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-104).by José Ernesto López Córdova.M.C.P

Efecto del tiempo de almacenamiento a diferentes temperaturas sobre la emergencia de lysiphlebus testaceipes (hym: braconidae: aphidiinae)(cresson)

La investigación se realizó de enero a octubre del 2001, en el invernáculo del Departamento de Protección Vegetal de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de El Salvador, con coordenadas geográficas de 13° 43.3’ LN, y 89° 12.4’ LW. Se inició con la producción de plantas de berenjena, que servirían para mantener colonias de Aphis gossypii., estas, se colocaron en jaulas forradas con tela organdí para evitar el ingreso de insectos no deseados; seguidamente se procedió a la búsqueda y recolección de muestra de áfidos no parasitados y parasitados, procedentes de cultivos de berenjena, chile y cucurbitáceas, ubicados en Zapotitán, Colima y Campo Experimental de la UES; dichas muestras fueron transportadas en una hielera hasta el “mini-laboratorio” adyacente al invernáculo; en donde los áfidos parasitados fueron colocados en cámaras de recuperación para que emergiera L. testaceipes y los no parasitados (previa identificación) fueron ubicados en las plantas, con el objetivo de lograr altas poblaciones de áfidos que sirvieran para mantener poblaciones de L. testaceipes y establecer un pie de cría. Inmediatamente, se introdujeron dos plantas con áfidos a cada jaula que contenia L. testaceipes, para que los parasitaran durante uno y dos días; luego eran retiradas e introducidas en jaulas vacías hasta la formación de “momias”, las cuales eran extraídas colocando 10 individuos por caja “petri” correspondiendo a una de las seis repeticiones de los tratamientos sometidos a temperaturas de -15, -12, -5, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10,11, 14, 23.71°C y tiempos de almacenamiento de 0.17, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20 y 30 días. Las variables estadísticas fueron: porcentaje de emergencia total, porcentaje de hembras emergidas, porcentaje de machos emergidos y tiempo de emergencia. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron a través de correlaciones simples. Los mejores resultados en la prolongación del tiempo emergencia fueron 12 -13, 11- 12, 10-11 días más con respecto al testigo, cuando las “momias” fueron almacenadas a 2, 6 y 9°C respectivamente durante 10 días presentando un 60-70% de emergencia El mayor porcentaje en la emergencia total fue de 86.67% a 6.0 y 9.0°C, durante 0.17 días de almacenamiento, pero su tiempo de emergencia se prolongó solamente un día con respecto al testigo

Boletín MOMENTO ECONÓMICO, año 2, núms. 23-24, Julio-Agosto 2012.

Las campañas realizadas para las elecciones federales del pasado 1 de julio, pusieron en evidencia la necesidad de un amplio debate sobre cuál debe ser la estrategia a seguir para construir en México un proceso económico de desarrollo incluyente, sustentable y con equidad social. Fueron diversas variables las que pusieron de manifiesto la urgencia de avanzar en esta dirección: la ausencia de reflexión sobre el tema, la parcialidad de los enfoques y la falta de objetividad en la evaluación de los resultados del modelo aplicado en las tres últimas décadas, entre otras. Culminado el proceso electoral, a dos semanas de que el Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación lo califique y a escasos tres meses de que dé inicio un nuevo mandato presidencial, el entorno económico nacional y mundial nos exigen, una vez más, reflexionar sobre la validez de la estrategia económica aplicada para promover el desarrollo y enfrentar la profunda crisis por la que atraviesa el sistema económico en su conjunto

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following: Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed

NAFTA and the Mexican Economy: Analytical Issues and Lessons for the FTAA

This paper briefly discusses some of the issues that must be grappled with when analyzing the impact that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has had -and will have in the future- on the Mexican economy. Although discussion concentrates on the evolution of Mexico's economy and economic policy-making, some thoughts are also provided on the way in which the agreement has shaped some of the country's institutions, on the premise that its institutional implications may have important economic consequences. The paper is motivated, among other reasons, by the lessons for other developing countries in the hemisphere that one may extract by looking to the Mexican experience, in light of ongoing negotiations toward a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)

International Remittances and Development: Existing Evidence, Policies and Recommendations

In this paper we survey the recent literature assessing the development impact of international migrant remittances. We begin by arguing that international migration should be fully incorporated in ongoing debates on the impact of globalization. We show that, despite methodological challenges, there is an emerging body of evidence suggesting that migrant remittances can have an important impact on development and household welfare. Remittances appear to help in poverty reduction, accumulation of human capital, investment and saving. Finally, we offer an account of existing policies and recommendations to facilitate remittance flows and to take advantage of their developmental potential

Regional Integration and Productivity: The Experiences of Brazil and Mexico

This document was presented in the Trade and Integration Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the 5th Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on August 14th and 15th, 2003. It covers a review of the links between trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) and total factor productivity (TFP). Also discussed are Brazil and Mexico's integration strategies and an econometric analysis of the impact of integration on productivity based on plant level, manufacturing data

Globalization, Migration and Development: The Role of Mexican Migrant Remittances

In this paper we present evidence suggesting that international migrant remittances generally lead to improved developmental outcomes. Using a cross-section of Mexican municipalities in the year 2000, we show that increases in the fraction of households receiving international remittances are generally correlated with better schooling and health outcomes and with reductions in some dimensions of poverty. Our results take into account the likely endogeneity between migration, remittances and developmental outcome variables, and they suggest that measures to facilitate remittance flows are desirable

NAFTA and the Mexican Economy: Analytical Issues and Lessons for the FTAA

This paper briefly discusses some of the issues that must be grappled with when analyzing the impact that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has had -and will have in the future- on the Mexican economy. Although discussion concentrates on the evolution of Mexico's economy and economic policy-making, some thoughts are also provided on the way in which the agreement has shaped some of the country's institutions, on the premise that its institutional implications may have important economic consequences. The paper is motivated, among other reasons, by the lessons for other developing countries in the hemisphere that one may extract by looking to the Mexican experience, in light of ongoing negotiations toward a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)