Avaliação objetiva da isquemia de membros superiores: uso do dinamômetro isocinético

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to present an objective, practical, and reproducible method for evaluating the functional limitation caused by occlusive arterial disease in upper limbs: a stress test using an isokinetic dynamometer. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with unilateral subclavian artery occlusive disease were included in the study, forming group 1. Seven patients of similar age, with atherosclerotic or Takayasu's disease in the aorto-iliac segment, without subclavian artery occlusive disease, were included as a control group (group 2). For all tests, we utilized the CYBEX© 6000 isokinetic dynamometer. The elbow was tested using a series of 30 repetitions of extension and flexion of the arm, performed up to a maximum of 270 repetitions (9 series) or until the limit of the tested limb was reached. RESULTS: We initially compared all the limbs without arterial disease of both groups to analyze whether they presented similar functional performance. No significant difference was found for any of the parameters studied. Considering that upper limbs without arterial disease have a similar response to exercise in these analyzed parameters, we compared the upper limbs in group 1 (with and without subclavian artery occlusive disease). For all parameters, the limbs with subclavian artery occlusive disease presented significantly lower values than the control limbs (P < 0.05), which can be objectively attributed to the ischemia (there were different responses in different individuals, which allows the quantification of the limitation caused by subclavian artery occlusive disease). CONCLUSION: In this study, we present a new stress test for impairment in patients with subclavian artery occlusive disease that might facilitate the classification of patients according to their functional impairment, and thus result in a better choice of therapeutic approach for each case as well as reporting of objective parameters that allow comparisons of the results of different treatments, including for long-term follow-up.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um método para a avaliação da limitação funcional causada por doença arterial oclusiva de artéria subclávia: o teste de esforço utilizando o dinamômetro isocinético. MÉTODO: Pacientes com trombose unilateral de artéria subclávia foram selecionados, reunindo 23 pacientes no Grupo com doença arterial oclusiva de artéria subclávia. Sete pacientes com idade semelhante, sem doença arterial em membros superiores foram incluídos, formando o grupo controle. Para a realização do teste, utilizou-se o dinamômetro isocinético CYBEX® 6000. O cotovelo foi testado em séries consecutivas de 30 repetições do movimento de extensão e flexão, até que se atingisse o máximo de 270 repetições (9 séries), ou até que se alcançasse o limite do membro testado. RESULTADO: Inicialmente comparou-se todos os membros sem doença arterial dos dois grupos, para analisar se apresentavam desempenho semelhante. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos em relação a todos os parâmetros estudados. Comparou-se então, os dois membros de cada paciente do Grupo doença arterial oclusiva de artéria subclávia. Em todos os parâmetros analisados, os membros com doença arterial oclusiva de artéria subclávia apresentaram diferença estatística (p < 0.05) em relação aos membros controle, o que foi objetivamente atribuído à isquemia. (Foram registrados diferentes graus de limitação entre os paciente, o que permite estimar objetivamente o grau de limitação causado pela isquemia causada pela oclusão da subclávia) CONCLUSÃO: Este teste de esforço permite que pacientes com isquemia de membros superiores sejam avaliados e estratificados, conforme o grau de sua limitação funcional, o que facilitará a escolha da melhor terapêutica para cada caso e a obtenção de parâmetros para comparação do resultado de diferentes tratamentos e para o seguimento clínico em longo prazo

Use of arteriography for the initial evaluation of patients with intermittent lower limb claudication

CONTEXT: Many patients with intermittent claudication continue to be forwarded to the vascular surgeon for initial evaluation after arteriography has already been accomplished. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this work was to analyze the usefulness and the need for this procedure. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective study. SETTING: The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, with the arteriography already performed and Group 2 without the initial arteriography. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred patients with intermittent claudication were retrospectively studied. Other specialists had forwarded them for the first evaluation of intermittent claudication, without any previous treatment. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: All patients were treated clinically for at least a 6-month period. The total number of arteriographies performed in the two groups was compared and the need and usefulness of the initial arteriography (of Group 1) was also analyzed. RESULTS: The evolution was similar for both groups. The total number of arteriographies was significantly higher in Group 1 (Group 1 with 53 arteriographies vs. Group 2 with 7 arteriographies). For this group, it was found that arteriography was only useful in five cases (10%), because the surgeries were based on their findings. However, even in those cases, no need for arteriography was observed, as the procedure could have been performed at the time of surgical indication. CONCLUSION: There are no indications for arteriography in the early evaluation of patients with intermittent claudication, because it does not modify the initial therapy, independent of its result. In cases where surgical treatment is indicated, this procedure should only be performed prior to surgery

Use of arteriography for the initial evaluation of patients with intermittent lower limb claudication

CONTEXT: Many patients with intermittent claudication continue to be forwarded to the vascular surgeon for initial evaluation after arteriography has already been accomplished. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this work was to analyze the usefulness and the need for this procedure. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective study. SETTING: The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, with the arteriography already performed and Group 2 without the initial arteriography. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred patients with intermittent claudication were retrospectively studied. Other specialists had forwarded them for the first evaluation of intermittent claudication, without any previous treatment. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: All patients were treated clinically for at least a 6-month period. The total number of arteriographies performed in the two groups was compared and the need and usefulness of the initial arteriography (of Group 1) was also analyzed. RESULTS: The evolution was similar for both groups. The total number of arteriographies was significantly higher in Group 1 (Group 1 with 53 arteriographies vs. Group 2 with 7 arteriographies). For this group, it was found that arteriography was only useful in five cases (10%), because the surgeries were based on their findings. However, even in those cases, no need for arteriography was observed, as the procedure could have been performed at the time of surgical indication. CONCLUSION: There are no indications for arteriography in the early evaluation of patients with intermittent claudication, because it does not modify the initial therapy, independent of its result. In cases where surgical treatment is indicated, this procedure should only be performed prior to surgery