71 research outputs found

    Molecular profiling of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, based on large-scale real-time RT-PCR

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    BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder with a complex range of clinical symptoms. The hallmark of NF1 is the onset of heterogeneous (dermal or plexiform) benign neurofibromas. Plexiform neurofibromas can give rise to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), and the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. RESULTS: To obtain further insight into the molecular pathogenesis of MPNSTs, we used real-time quantitative RT-PCR to quantify the mRNA expression of 489 selected genes in MPNSTs, in comparison with plexiform neurofibromas. The expression of 28 (5.7%) of the 489 genes was significantly different between MPNSTs and plexiform neurofibromas; 16 genes were upregulated and 12 were downregulated in MPNSTs. The altered genes were mainly involved in cell proliferation (MKI67, TOP2A, CCNE2), senescence (TERT, TERC), apoptosis (BIRC5/Survivin, TP73) and extracellular matrix remodeling (MMP13, MMP9, TIMP4, ITGB4). More interestingly, other genes were involved in the Ras signaling pathway (RASSF2, HMMR/RHAMM) and the Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway (DHH, PTCH2). Several of the down-regulated genes were Schwann cell-specific (L1CAM, MPZ, S100B, SOX10, ERBB3) or mast cell-specific (CMA1, TPSB), pointing to a depletion and/or dedifferentiation of Schwann cells and mast cells during malignant transformation of plexiform neurofibromas. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that a limited number of signaling pathways, and particularly the Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway, may be involved in malignant transformation of plexiform neurofibromas. Some of the relevant genes or their products warrant further investigation as potential therapeutic targets in NF1

    Treprostinil increases the number and angiogenic potential of endothelial progenitor cells in children with pulmonary hypertension

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    Background Pulmonary vasodilators in general and prostacyclin therapy in particular, have markedly improved the outcome of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). As endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of PAH, and as endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) may contribute to vascular repair in PAH, we suspected that prostacyclin therapy might enhance EPC numbers and functions. In the present study, objectives were to determine whether EPC may contribute to vasodilator treatment efficacy in PAH. Methods We quantified CD34+ cells, CFU-Hill and ECFC (endothelial colony forming cells) in peripheral blood from children with idiopathic PAH (n = 27) or PAH secondary to congenital heart disease (n = 52). CD34+ were enumerated by flow cytometry, CFU-Hill and ECFC by a culture assay. ECFC grown ex vivo were tested for their angiogenic capacities before and after prostacyclin analog therapy (subcutaneous treprostinil). Results ECFC counts were significantly enhanced in the 8 children treated with treprostinil, while no change was observed in children receiving oral therapy with endothelin antagonists and/or PDE5 inhibitors. CD34+ cell and CFU-Hill counts were unaffected. ECFC from patients treated with treprostinil had a hyperproliferative phenotype and showed enhanced angiogenic potential in a nude mouse preclinical model of limb ischemia. Conclusions ECFC may partly mediate the clinical benefits of prostanoids in pulmonary arterial hypertension

    [Entretien] La santé des personnes sans chez-soi, une question politique

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    International audienc

    Les apports de la gĂ©nĂ©tique et de l’épigĂ©nĂ©tique :

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    National audienceAnniversaire de lla signature de la convention le 9 décembre 1948 et de la signature de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'Homme le lendemain 10 décembre 1948

    L'usage des savoirs informels en médecine familiale. Une modélisation conjointe

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    Use of informal learning in family medecine. A mutual frame work A conceptual framework linking formal and informal learning was developed with a number of clinicians within a family medicine clinic in Montreal (Quebec, Canada). Every day, family medicine practitioners and patients construct the process of care with different tools and according to their respective skills, knowledge and goals. A «therapeutic space» is gradually defined by way of these constructions. In certain cases, the knowledge is formally obtained through university schooling. In other cases, know-how is gained informally and elaborated through practice and professional socialization. Results from this initial research project suggests that empowerment of the patient requires a «mutual construction» of care. This article discusses the ambiguities and limits of this kind of collaboration and suggests further research questions.RĂ©sumĂ©. Cet article dĂ©crit comment un modĂšle conceptuel initial a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© au cours d'une sĂ©rie de discussions de groupe rĂ©unissant des chercheurs et des intervenants en mĂ©decine familiale Ɠuvrant Ă  MontrĂ©al (QuĂ©bec, Canada). Les intervenants en mĂ©decine familiale construisent avec leurs patients des Ă©pisodes de soins Ă  l'aide d'outils qui correspondent Ă  leurs finalitĂ©s et habiletĂ©s respectives. À partir de diffĂ©rents Ă©pisodes, s'Ă©labore et se modifie un « espace thĂ©rapeutique ». Cet espace est une reprĂ©sentation professionnelle constituĂ©e par des savoirs formalisĂ©s (connaissances mĂ©dicales) et des savoirs non-formalisĂ©s (expĂ©rience et intuition). Le modĂšle proposĂ© souligne, entre autres, qu'une rĂ©elle prise en charge par le patient de sa santĂ© (empowerment) nĂ©cessite une « construction mutuelle » des soins. Les limites et les ambiguĂŻtĂ©s d'une telle collaboration sont abordĂ©es et des questions de recherche sont suggĂ©rĂ©es.Uso de los saberes no formalizados. Uno modelo mutuo Este articulo describe un modelo conceptual inicial elaborado a partir de una sĂ©rie de entrevistas de grupo desarrolladas con profesionales de medecĂ­na familiar que trabajan en MontrĂ©al (QuĂ©bec, Canada). Los profesionales de medecĂ­na familiar y los pacientes construyen los episodios de cuidados con la ayuda de los instrumentes acordes con sus respectivos conocimientos, habilidades y fines. A partir de diferentes episodios se Ă©labora y modifica gradualmente un «espacio terapĂ©utico». Este espacio comprende los saberes formalizados (conocimientos mĂ©dicos) y los saberes no formalizados (experiencia e intuicion). Los resultados de este trabajo de investigacion sugieren que une responsabilizacion real por parte del paciente de su propia salud (empowerment) necesita de la «construccion mutua» de los cuidados. Se abordan los limites y la ambigĂŒidades de esta colaboracion y se plantea nuevas preguntas de investigacion.Lehoux Pascale, Rodrigue Jean, LĂ©vy Ron. L'usage des savoirs informels en mĂ©decine familiale. Une modĂ©lisation conjointe. In: Sciences sociales et santĂ©. Volume 13, n°4, 1995. pp. 85-111

    Thierry Frébourg

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    Le Professeur Thierry FrĂ©bourg est dĂ©cĂ©dĂ© brutalement le 13 mars 2021 Ă  l’ñge de 60 ans. Ses collĂšgues et amis gĂ©nĂ©ticiens de la FiliĂšre FILNEMUS lui rendent hommage, lui qui a tant fait pour les maladies rares

    OPA 8.1 Ocean General Circulation Model reference manual

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    DOHaD et programmation pré- et péri-conceptionnelle

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    Les pĂ©riodes prĂ©- et/ou pĂ©ri-conceptionnelles (avant et juste aprĂšs la fĂ©condation jusqu’au stade embryonnaire blastocyste) constituent des pĂ©riodes critiques pour les origines dĂ©veloppementales de la santĂ© et des maladies (DOHaD). La gamĂ©togenĂšse, la fĂ©condation et les premiĂšres Ă©tapes du dĂ©veloppement embryonnaire, pĂ©riodes pendant lesquelles surviennent de profondes modifications Ă©pigĂ©nĂ©tiques, sont influencĂ©es par l’environnement in vivo, en particulier par la nutrition, et in vitro, notamment lors d’une procĂ©dure d’assistance mĂ©dicale Ă  la procrĂ©ation. Les gamĂštes femelles, mais Ă©galement mĂąles, interviennent en tant que cibles, mais Ă©galement en tant que vecteurs de marques Ă©pigĂ©nĂ©tiques modifiĂ©es. Les effets physiologiques et Ă©pigĂ©nĂ©tiques observĂ©s varient selon le sexe du parent transmetteur, le sexe de l’individu et la gĂ©nĂ©ration
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