R&D Process Management in Academic Environment

The mission of the Knowledge Center is to collect and provide information for partners belonging to the corporate body as well as to create new knowledge in the area of vehicle electronics and mechatronics. Consortium partners cover the whole chain of innovation from basic research to product development and marketing. The Knowledge Center positions itself as an interim body between the academic world and the market economy, bringing market and product centric issues into the system of higher education, moreover, promoting the utilization of the most recent vehicle technology in industry. Its goal is to become one of the most appreciable development and service centers in Europe in the area of vehicle electronics and mechatronics.

A szilva himlő vírus elleni rezisztencia kialakításának lehetősége csonthéjas növényekben = Developing new strategies for plum pox virus resistance in stone fruit trees

Elkészítettünk egy konstrukciót, mely tartalmazta a karfiol mozaik vírus 35S promóterét, a NOS terminációs szignált, és e két szabályozó régió között a hasznos gént, vagyis a szilva himlő vírus köpenyfehérje génjét és a 3’ nem kódoló régióját inverted repeat formában nem transzlálható módon, köztük pedig egy intron szekvenciát. A kanamicin mentes konstrukcióval való dohány transzformálás után 477 vonalat neveltünk fel, melyből 15 pozitív eredményt adott PCR-rel. Később a 15 egyedből csupán egy tartotta meg transzgénikus tulajdonságát. Transzgénikus növényekkel oltási kísérleteket végeztünk. Az eredmények szerint a transzgénikus rezisztens rész sem alanyként, sem nemesként nem tudta biztosítani a rezisztenciát a nem rezisztens részeknek. Fontos kérdés, hogy ha egy rezisztens növényt más vírus felülfertőz, a növény elveszti-e rezisztenciáját. Az eredmények szerint egy rezisztens növényt, ha más vírus felülfertőz, akkor sem fogja elveszteni az adott vírusra a rezisztenciáját. A szilva transzformációs kísérletekben levélnyelet és sziklevelet transzformáltunk három különböző konstrukcióval, 433 hajtást neveltünk fel. Az első vizsgálatokban 81 volt PCR pozitív. Nagy részüknél a második vizsgálat negatív eredményt adott. Azonosítottunk egy a CP génben deléciós izolátumot, mely nem minden antiszérummal volt kimutatható megfelelő hatékonysággal. A rekombináns izolátumokat vizsgálva azonosítottunk egy második rekombinációs pontot is a P3 génben. | A new gene construct was designed containing the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and NOS termination signal. Between these regions, the construct contained the PPV CP gene in inverted repeat form with an intron spacer sequence. Nearly 500 plants were grown up from transformation with these kanamycin marker free construct. Only 15 were positive by PCR for the transgene, but at the end only one stored the transgenic behaviour, which was resistant against PPV as well. Grafting experiment was done, concluding that the transgenic resistant part could not protect the non transgenic section. We demonstrated that the plant will not lose the transgenic mediated resistance if another virus infection is present using grafting experiments. In plum transformation experiment using petiole and cotyledon 433 shoot were produced. Out of more than 400 plants 81 were transgenic by PCR in he first PCR experiments. The second round most of them were PCR negative. A PPV isolate was identified containing a large deletion in he coat protein gene. This isolate was not detectable every antisera efficiently. Studying recombinant PPV isolates a second recombination point was identified int he P3 gene of the virus

On qualitative and operational reliability of electronic brake systems for heavy duty vehicles

The development of the safety critical systems of future commercial vehicles is mainly driven by the social demand, that the societies want to see safer, more reliable vehicles on the roads, which can also handle more complex situations than human driver can. It is questioned whether the approaches of the classical reliability theory are appropriate for redundant electronic systems, especially if they have a safety-critical nature, such as the electronic brake system, which has been used in commercial vehicles in Europe for almost a decade

Driveline torque observer for heavy duty vehicle

In addition to fuel consumption and efficiency the expectations in driving comfort of heavy duty vehicles were substantially increased in the last years. The driveline has an essential role in drivability performance of the vehicle. Since it determines the driving efficiency as well, simple, but robust devices were quite widespread in production, but these can usually make driving more difficult to the driver. This means there is a hard trade-off between efficiency and driving comfort. Application of control logics can help to find the balance between simplification of hardware components and their operation. Enhancing the drivability without any inefficient additional assembly leads to higher level of safety since it makes driver´s job easier, and so it can further increase the efficiency of transportation

Empirical White Noise Processes and the Subjective Probabilistic Approaches

The paper discusses the identification of the empirical white noise processes generated by deterministic numerical algorithms.The introduced fuzzy-random complementary approach can identify the inner hidden correlational patterns of the empirical white noise process if the process has a real hidden structure of this kind. We have shown how the characteristics of auto-correlated white noise processes change as the order of autocorrelation increases. Although in this paper we rely on random number generators to get approximate white noise processes, in our upcoming research we are planning to turn the focus on physical white noise processes in order to validate our hypothesis

SELF-STEERING BEHAVIOUR OF HIGH-SPEED TRACTOR-SEMITRAILER AND ITS CONTROL

The loss of the stability of heavy highway tractor-semitrailer combinations is the usual cause of several serious traffic accidents. One of the reasons is the different behaviour of the vehicle under changed conditions (e.g. different loading conditions, abrupt side wind gust acting on the vehicle, etc.) which is not expected by the driver or it differs from the usual one. The authors of the paper study the behaviour of the articulated vehicle from the point of view of the steerability and define the conditions of self-steering characteristics of articulated vehicles. In the paper, linear model of the articulated vehicle is used, but the simulations are carried out for more realistic non-linear two-track model including real tyre model. On the basis of the results of the above written examination, the authors deal with the improvement of the lateral stability of the tractor-semi trailer combination using controlled elements in the vehicle chassis, namely the steering of the rear axle of the tractor is examined, however, the practical realization is complicated. Possible solution is proposed instead of the steering of the rear wheels of the tractor based on control of their side slip angles. Results are shown on controlled steering of the wheels on the axle(s) of the trailer. In both mentioned cases, new method of the robust control design is used called Robust LQR (RLQR). Design of the anti-jackknifing device is demonstrated, which means the semi-active control of the switchable damper in the joint

The Effect of Growing Media on the Nutritional Value of Cherry Tomato

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how certain growing media (rockwool slab, coco slab, and coco substrate in window box) can change nutritional values of different tomato cultivars in hydroponic system. The test took place at the Study Garden of Faculty of Horticulture and Rural Development, John von Neumann University in the summer of 2018. The paper shows the role of growing media and particular tomato cultivars in the development of sensory and biochemical characteristics

Hazai PVY izolátumok levéltetű átvitelében szerepet játszó gének molekuláris jellemzése = Molecular characterisation of genes playing role in aphid transmission of Hungarian PVY isolates

A potyvírusok levéltetű átviteléért a segítő fehérje (HC-Pro) és a köpenyfehérje (CP) három szakasza felelős: a HC-Pro amino-terminális végén található KITC motívum, a karboxi-terminális végén lévő PTK aminosav triplet és a CP DAG motívum. A burgonya Y vírus (PVY) általunk izolált, eltérő vektor hatékonyságú törzseit vizsgáltuk. A PVY-98, PVY-5 és PVY-111 törzsek HC-Pro és CP gének bázissorendjét meghatároztuk. A PVY törzsek HC-Pro fehérjéi nagyfokú hasonlóságot mutattak mind nukleinsav (98%), mind aminosav szinten (99%); a CP esetében a hasonlóság 91%, ill. 94% volt. A KITC, a PTK és a DAG motívum azonban teljesen megegyezett. Eredményeink azt bizonyítják, hogy a PVY levéltetű átvitelét szabályozó három aminosav motívumon kívül más tényezők is szerepet játszanak, mint pl. a HC-Pro és CP fehérje többi szakaszában talált aminosav különbségek. A PVY-5 és PVY-98 izolátumok HC-Pro génjét agrobaktérium vektorba klónoztuk és agrobaktériumba transzformáltuk. A zöld fluoreszcens proteinnel (GFP) transzformált transzgénikus növények segítségével vizsgáltuk a szuppresszor aktivitást. A PVY-98 és a PVY-H referencia izolátum HC-t tartalmazó klónnál sem lokális, sem szisztemikus csendesítés nem jött létre, a fluoreszkálás mértéke megegyező volt. A PVY-5 izolátumnál nem volt szuppresszió, a fehérje működésképtelen volt. A PVY-5 izolátumnál a szekvencia megváltozása stop kodont eredményezett. Így a fehérje karboxi-terminális vége nem íródott át, ezért vált működésképtelenné. | Three motifs of the helper component protease (HC-Pro) and the coat protein (CP) of potyviruses are involved in aphid transmission; KITC motif at the N-terminal of HC-Pro, PTK amino acid triplet at the C-terminal of HC-Pro and DAG motif of CP. HC-Pro and CP genes of Hungarian strains of Potato virus Y (PVY) with different aphid transmissibility were studied. Nucleotide sequences of the PVY-98, PVY-5 and PVY-111 were determined. Both nucleotide and amino acid sequences of HC-Pro proteins showed high similarity; 98% and 99%, respectively, while in the case of CP 91% and 94%, respectively. However KITC, PTK and DAG motifs were identical. According to our results, other factors also play role in aphid transmission of PVY beside the three conserved domains, such as alterations detected in other regions of HC-Pro and CP. HC-Pro and CP genes were cloned and transformed into Agrobacterium vector. Suppressor activity was examined using transgenic plants transformed with green fluorescence protein (GFP). With PVY-98 and PVY-H (as control strain) containing HC nor local neither systemic gene silencing occured, and they showed equal luminescence level. Controversially, there was not suppression with PVY-5, the protein proved to be non-functional. After checking the amino acid sequence of the PVY-5 isolate, a mutation that resulted in a stop codon was found. Thus, the C-terminal of the protein could not be translated and became non-functional