Ferromagnetic resonance in periodic particle arrays

We report measurements of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of arrays of submicron size periodic particle arrays of permalloy produced by electron-beam lithography. In contrast to plane ferromagnetic films, the spectra of the arrays show a number of additional resonance peaks, whose position depends strongly on the orientation of the external magnetic field and the interparticle interaction. Time-dependent micromagnetic simulation of the ac response show that these peaks are associated with coupled exchange and dipolar spin wave modesComment: 4 pages, 4 figure

A Rose is a Rose is a Rose - Or Is It - Fiduciary and DTPA Claims against Attorneys Third Annual Symposium on Legal Malpractice & (and) Professional Responsibility.

Abstract Forthcoming

A Rose is a Rose is a Rose - Or Is It - Fiduciary and DTPA Claims against Attorneys Third Annual Symposium on Legal Malpractice & (and) Professional Responsibility.

Abstract Forthcoming

Geology of Niobrara State Park, Knox County, Nebraska, and Adjacent Areas, with a Brief History of the Park, Gavins Point Dam, and Lewis and Clark Lake

Location Niobrara State Park is located in northwestern Knox County, Nebraska, just west of the town of Niobrara and on the west side of the Niobrara River. The present park was opened in the summer of 1987. Mostly north of Nebraska Highway 12, the site is hilly with bluffs overlooking the Missouri and Niobrara rivers. Excellent facilities include paved roads, cabins, an outdoor swimming pooi, hiking trails, picnic and camping sites, horseback riding trails, playgrounds, restrooms, a group lodge, and an interpretive shelter. Many vantage points in the park have beautiful views of the lower Niobrara Valley and the middle Missouri Valley. Lovers of native plants and wildlife can see many different species in and near the park. Park grounds are open all year. The park office, about 1.5 miles northwest of the park entrance, is open daily from mid-April to mid-November, and weekdays at other times of the year (figs. 1 and 2). Purposes This educational circular describes the prehistory and history of Niobrara State Park, Gavins Point Dam and its reservoir-Lewis and Clark Lake-and several aspects of the geology of the park and nearby or adjoining areas. Sections include information on minerals, fossils, stratigraphy, and geologic history, but the principal focuses of this circular are on the work of and changes in the Niobrara River and on geologic hazards in the area. Cautions Caution is advised when visiting the park or any other area. A void walking on landslide areas. Stay away from steep hill slopes. Be careful when working on dark shale exposures on hot days because temperatures on these shales reach well above 100 degrees F. Poison ivy, stinging insects, and other such hazards occur. Be careful! We remind readers that collecting of any kind is prohibited in the park and that permission must be obtained from property owners before going on or collecting from private property

Synthesis of novel thieno[3,2-b]thienobis(silolothiophene) based low bandgap polymers for organic photovoltaics

Thieno[3,2-b]thienobis(silolothiophene), a new electron rich hexacyclic monomer has been synthesized and incorporated into three novel donor–acceptor low-bandgap polymers. By carefully choosing the acceptor co-monomer, the energy levels of the polymers could be modulated and high power conversion efficiencies of 5.52% were reached in OPV devices

Spin-Peierls transitions in magnetic donor-acceptor compounds of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) with bisdithiolene metal complexes

The spin-Peierls transition is considered as a progressive spin-lattice dimerization occurring below a transition temperature in a system of one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains. In the simplest theories, the transition is second order and the ground state is a singlet with a magnetic gap. The historical origins and theoretical development of the concept are examined. Magnetic susceptibility and EPR measurements on the π-donor-acceptor compounds TTF·MS4C4(CF3)4 (M=Cu, Au; TTF is tetrathiafulvalene) are reported. These compounds exhibit clearly the characteristics of the spin-Peierls transition in reasonably good agreement with a mean-field theory. The susceptibility of each compound has a broad maximum near 50 K, while the transitions occur at 12 and 2.1 K for M=Cu and Au, respectively. EPR linewidth observations over a broad temperature range are examined. Areas for further experimental and theoretical work are indicated, and a critical comparison is made of related observations on other materials

Observation of a Spin-Peierls Transition in a Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Linear-Chain System

Magnetic-susceptibility and EPR measurements are reported which provide the first unambiguous evidence for a spin-Peierls transition in a system of linear one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains. The material studied is TTFCuS4C4(CF3)4 (TFF stands for tetrathiafulvalinium). At 12 K, the spin-lattice system undergoes a second-order phase transition to a singlet ground state

Thermal and magnetic study of exchange in the quasi-1-D molecular compound, TTF⋅PtS\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3eC\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e(CF\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e)\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e

Single crystalmagnetic susceptibility results from 2.5 K to 270 K and specific heat results from 3 K to 16 K are reported for TTF⋅PtS4C4(CF3)4, (TTF=tetrathiafulvalene). The combined results are analyzed using a simple model which ignores differences between the two types of S=1/2 spin carriers and involves a system of ferromagnetic chains treated ’’exactly’’, with interchain antiferromagnetic interaction evaluated in a mean field approximation. Above an apparent ordering transition at 8 K, the susceptibility is well described by the model irrespective of whether the ferromagnetic exchange is Heisenberg, Ising or intermediate to these. The magnetic contribution to the specific heat is obtained using earlier results for the isostructural Au compound. Comparison with specific heat calculations for the Heisenberg, Ising and intermediate cases successfully narrows the ambiguity to an intermediate anisotropic exchange close to the Heisenberg limit

Revisiting Soil C and N Sampling: Quantitative Pits vs. Rotary Cores

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and its feedbacks with global climate have sparked renewed interest in quantifying ecosystem carbon (C) budgets, including quantifying belowground pools. Belowground nutrient budgets require accurate estimates of soil mass, coarse fragment content, and nutrient concentrations. It has long been thought that the most accurate measurement of soil mass and coarse fragment content has come from excavating quantitative soil pits. However, this methodology is labor intensive and time consuming. We propose that diamond-tipped rotary cores are an acceptable if not superior alternative to quantitative soil pits for the measurement of soil mass, coarse fragment content, C and total nitrogen (N) concentrations. We tested the rotary core methodology against traditional quantitative pits at research sites in California, Nevada, and New York. We found that soil cores had 16% higher estimates of less than 2-mm soil mass than estimates obtained from quantitative pits. Conversely, soil cores had 8% lower estimates of coarse fragment mass compared with quantitative pits. There were no statistical differences in measured C or N concentrations between the two methods. At the individual site level, differences in estimates for the two methods were more pronounced, but there was no consistent tendency for cores to overestimate or underestimate a soil parameter when compared with quantitative pits

Over-representation of specific regions of chromosome 22 in cells from human glioma correlate with resistance to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant form of brain tumor. Despite treatment including surgical resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation, these tumors typically recur. The recurrent tumor is often resistant to further therapy with the same agent, suggesting that the surviving cells that repopulate the tumor mass have an intrinsic genetic advantage. We previously demonstrated that cells selected for resistance to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) are near-diploid, with over-representation of part or all of chromosomes 7 and 22. While cells from untreated gliomas often have over-representation of chromosome 7, chromosome 22 is typically under-represented. METHODS: We have analyzed cells from primary and recurrent tumors from the same patient before and after in vitro selection for resistance to clinically relevant doses of BCNU. Karyotypic analyses were done to demonstrate the genetic makeup of these cells, and fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses have defined the region(s) of chromosome 22 retained in these BCNU-resistant cells. RESULTS: Karyotypic analyses demonstrated that cells selected for BCNU resistance were near-diploid with over-representation of chromosomes 7 and 22. In cells where whole copies of chromosome 22 were not identified, numerous fragments of this chromosome were retained and inserted into several marker and derivative chromosomes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses using whole chromosome paints confirmed this finding. Additional FISH analysis using bacterial artificial chromosome probes spanning the length of chromosome 22 have allowed us to map the over-represented region to 22q12.3–13.32. CONCLUSION: Cells selected for BCNU resistance either in vivo or in vitro retain sequences mapped to chromosome 22. The specific over-representation of sequences mapped to 22q12.3–13.32 suggest the presence of a DNA sequence important to BCNU survival and/or resistance located in this region of chromosome 22