Implementation of simultaneous performance of two technological operations with different machine-and-tractor units

Received: January 25th, 2022 ; Accepted: April 6th, 2022 ; Published: April 18th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] gap between two technological operations should be minimal in the production environment. For this, special combined (multi-operational) machine-and-tractor units (MTU) are used. Their agricultural machines have sequentially installed working devices for various technological purposes. In the absence of such MTUs, single-operation units are used. Such units more often have different working widths. For their simultaneous operation in the same field, the first unit (for example, a sowing unit) must have a wider width than the second one (for example, a rolling one). In practice, the opposite case occurs more often when the first unit's working width is less than the second unit's working width. As a result, the first machine-and-tractor unit delays the work of the second one. This article aims to develop the algorithm for the simultaneous operation of two machine-and-tractor units of different field performance. The first of them (a sowing unit) has a working width of 3.6 m, and the second (a rolling one) is 6.1 m. As a result, the following has been established using the example of processing a field of 80 hectares: the second unit should start its work (i.e., rolling the crops) when the first one (sowing) has sown a certain area. According to the formula proposed in the article, the size of this area is 44 hectares. Under natural working conditions, the second unit (rolling) started its work after the first (sowing) unit has sown 44 hectares of the field area. As a result, both units have completed the entire area with a half-hour gap, i.e., practically simultaneously and without delay from each other

Theoretical study to determine the standard size range of agricultural tractors

Since the tractor is the main energy source in agriculture, the state with highly developed agrarian production, tractor and agricultural machine building should have a fairly clear and consistent policy in the field of organizing the production and supply to agricultural producers of a wide range of tractors for various purposes. Such a policy is based on the type of mobile energy resources, i.e. tractors, based on a deep analysis and study of the volume of agricultural production, the needs for mechanized technologies, the theory of the operation of agricultural machines, the overall assessment of the development of high-tech agriculture. The purpose of this study is to develop theoretical bases for calculating the type of agricultural tractors based on an optimization of technical and economic analysis, taking into account the need for a qualitative and timely implementation of the entire closed set of works in agricultural production. During the research methods of machine use in agriculture, higher mathematics, economics, compilation of programs and numerical calculations on PC were used. The results of the study showed that the classification of tractors should be carried out not according to traction power (as is done in most countries of the world), but by the nominal traction force developed by them. It has been established that this gives a more accurate representation of the operational properties of an energy tool, which in turn allows for the very accurate and correct selection of complexes of appropriate agricultural machinery and implements for its effective operation. The presented theoretical approaches allow to determine with a high degree of accuracy the type of agricultural tractors for any country

Pēc «push-pull» shēmas komplektēta aršanas agregāta kustības stabilitātes eksperimentāls pētījums

EN: The conducted researches on a ploughing aggregate, composed according to the "push-pull" scheme as part of the HTZ-16131 tractor with a frontal two-bottom plough and a rear-mounted four-bottom plough, show that there is a positive correlation between the input impact – the turning angle of the driven wheels of the tractor, and the output parameter – its relative bearing. The maximum value of the mutual correlation function between these parameters is quite high, reaching mark 0.88. The researched ploughing aggregate, operating according to the "push-pull" scheme, has satisfactory path indicators. The path variations of the furrow laid by this aggregate are of a low-frequency nature. Arrangement of the supporting wheel of the frontal plough outside the furrow and its movement across an undeveloped agrophone does not lead to the deterioration in the steering ability of the explored ploughing aggregate. LV: Pēc «push-pull» shēmas komplektētu aršanas agregātu: traktora HTZ-16131 ar pakaļējās uzkares četru korpusu un ar frontālo divu korpusu arklu pētījumi liecina, ka starp ieejas parametru – traktora vadriteņu pagrieziena leņķi un izejas parametru – agregāta kursa leņķi pastāv pozitīva korelācijas sakarība. Savstarpējās korelācijas funkcijas maksimālā vērtība starp šiem parametriem ir pietiekami augsta un sasniedz atzīmi 0.88. Pētāmajam, pēc «push-pull» shēmas komplektētajam aršanas agregātam ir apmierinoši trajektorijas parametri. Ar šo agregātu veidotās vagas trajektorijas svārstībām ir zema frekvence. Frontālā arkla atbalsta riteņa novietojums vagā vai uz neapstrādāta agrofona nesamazina pētāmā aršanas agregāta vadāmību

Theoretical consideration of the controllability indicator of machine-tractor unit movement

The paper is focused on the issues of controllability of machine-tractor units based on wheel-type tractors during their non-straight driving on the soil surface, which is positioned at an angle to the horizon. There were obtained analytical expressions for the determination of the actual indicator of control ld , including both the power and the design parameters of the machine-tractor unit, which affect the abovementioned indicator in the longitudinal vertical plane. These expressions are obtained for the tractor driving on both road and also driving during field operation. In addition, the paper discusses the conditions under which there may occur the cross-slip of the tractor steering wheels in the transversal horizontal plane. As a result of this review, there were obtained the analytical expressions for determining the required indicator of the controllability ld of machine-tractor unit in the horizontal plane, excluding the possibility of lateral sliding of the unit by turning its steering wheels at a certain angle. These expressions are obtained for the two modes of the machine-tractor unit: for driving during transport on the road and during the operation in the field. The machine-tractor unit based on the wheel-type tractor with rear mounted 3-mouldboard plough was analytically investigated. By means of computer calculations, there was observed the fact that when moving in non-straight direction on the soil surface, inclined to the horizon at an angle of 12°, the machine-tractor unit is controllable only when the angles of the steering wheel of the given tractor do not exceed 9°. During the working movement (ploughing) of the given machine-tractor unit on an inclined field surface, its controllability will be preserved on condition that the angle of the tractor steering wheels does not exceed 11°. According to obtained results, it can be stated that the controllability of the machine-tractor unit is determined by the indicator of controllability, taking into account the value of the vertical load acting on the tractor steering wheels, the possibility of their turning in the horizontal plane, as well as the withdrawal of the machine-tractor unit from rectilinear motion and its movement on the field surface, inclined at an angle to the horizon

Determination of parts recovery resources motor vehicles

Анализируются виды износа, возникающие при эксплуатации автотранспортных средств. Рассматривается зависимость степени износа от пробега автомобиля.Analyzes the types of wear selfarising in operation of motor vehicles. We consider dependence of degree of wear on mileage of vehicle

Implementation of simultaneous performance of two technological operations with different machine-and-tractor units

The gap between two technological operations should be minimal in the production environment. For this, special combined (multi-operational) machine-and-tractor units (MTU) are used. Their agricultural machines have sequentially installed working devices for various technological purposes. In the absence of such MTUs, single-operation units are used. Such units more often have different working widths. For their simultaneous operation in the same field, the first unit (for example, a sowing unit) must have a wider width than the second one (for example, a rolling one). In practice, the opposite case occurs more often when the first unit's working width is less than the second unit's working width. As a result, the first machine-and-tractor unit delays the work of the second one. This article aims to develop the algorithm for the simultaneous operation of two machine-and-tractor units of different field performance. The first of them (a sowing unit) has a working width of 3.6 m, and the second (a rolling one) is 6.1 m. As a result, the following has been established using the example of processing a field of 80 hectares: the second unit should start its work (i.e., rolling the crops) when the first one (sowing) has sown a certain area. According to the formula proposed in the article, the size of this area is 44 hectares. Under natural working conditions, the second unit (rolling) started its work after the first (sowing) unit has sown 44 hectares of the field area. As a result, both units have completed the entire area with a half-hour gap, i.e., practically simultaneously and without delay from each other

Determination of parts recovery resources motor vehicles

RU: Анализируются виды износа, возникающие при эксплуатации автотранспортных средств. Рассматривается зависимость степени износа от пробега автомобиля. EN: Analyzes the types of wear selfarising in operation of motor vehicles. We consider dependence of degree of wear on mileage of vehicle