No-rebound trend of sea ice reduction in the Arctic Ocean: Role of "inertia effect" of the ocean

第4回極域科学シンポジウム横断セッション：[IA] 「急変する北極気候システム及びその全球的な影響の総合的解明」―GRENE北極気候変動研究事業研究成果報告2013―11月12日（火） 国立極地研究所 ２階大会議

Educational Inequalities in Self-Rated Health in Europe and South Korea

While numerous comparative works on the magnitude of health inequalities in Europe have been conducted, there is a paucity of research that encompasses non-European nations such as Asian countries. This study was conducted to compare Europe and Korea in terms of educational health inequalities, with poor self-rated health (SRH) as the outcome variable. The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017 were used (31 countries). Adult men and women aged 20+ years were included (207,245 men and 238,007 women). The age-standardized, sex-specific prevalence of poor SRH by educational level was computed. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were calculated. The prevalence of poor SRH was higher in Korea than in other countries for both low/middle- and highly educated individuals. Among highly educated Koreans, the proportion of less healthy women was higher than that of less healthy men. Korea’s SII was the highest for men (15.7%) and the ninth-highest for women (10.4%). In contrast, Korea’s RII was the third-lowest for men (3.27), and the lowest among women (1.98). This high-SII–low-RII mix seems to have been generated by the high level of baseline poor SRH

Pharmacokinetics of a telmisartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide fixed-dose combination: A replicate crossover study in healthy Korean male subjects

Purpose: To compare the tolerability and pharmacokinetic profiles of telmisartan, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in a fixed-dose combination (FDC, test product) with a co-administered telmisartan/amlodipine FDC and HCTZ in a single-entity tablet (reference product)Methods: This was a single-dose, randomized, open-label, replicate crossover study conducted in healthy male Korean volunteers aged 19 – 50 years. Fasting randomized subjects received a newly developed test product (telmisartan/ amlodipine/HCTZ, 80/10/25 mg) or two tablets of Twynsta® (40/5 mg) and one tablet of HCTZ (25 mg) as reference products. After a washout period, each group replicated the exposure of the other group.Results: The AUClast (h•ng/mL) geometric mean was 3,194.87 and 3,273.77 for the telmisartan test and reference products, respectively; 329.92 and 315.13 for the amlodipine test and reference products; 1,203.98 and 1,150.86 for the HCTZ test and reference products, respectively. The geometric mean of Cmax (ng/mL) was 543.04 and 497.81 for the telmisartan test and reference products, respectively; 7.74 and 7.34 for the amlodipine test and reference products; 218.71 and 184.39 for the HCTZ test and reference products, respectively. For telmisartan, the 90 % CI of GMRs of AUClast (h•ng/mL) and Cmax (ng/mL) were 0.9414 – 1.0496 and 1.0246 – 1.2792, respectively; the coefficient of variation (CV) of telmisartan Cmax was 41.96 %.Conclusion: A formulated FDC tablet containing a telmisartan/amlodipine/HCTZ combination (80/10/25mg) was bioequivalent to a co-administrated commercially available telmisartan/amlodipine combination and HCTZ tablets at equivalent concentrations.Keywords: Fixed-dose combination, Hypertension, Telmisartan, Amlodipine besylate, Hydrochlorothiazide, Pharmacokinetic

Staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization in a community-based population : a potential role in adult-onset asthma

Background: Recent studies suggest that Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin sensitization is a risk factor for asthma. However, there is a paucity of epidemiologic evidence on adult-onset asthma in community-based populations. Objective: We sought to evaluate the epidemiology and the clinical significance of staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization in community-based adult populations. Methods: The present analyses were performed using the baseline data set of Korean adult population surveys, consisting of 1080 adults (mean age=60.2years) recruited from an urban and a rural community. Questionnaires, methacholine challenge tests, and allergen skin tests were performed for defining clinical phenotypes. Sera were analysed for total IgE and enterotoxin-specific IgE using ImmunoCAP. Results: Staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization (0.35kU/L) had a prevalence of 27.0%. Risk factors were identified as male sex, current smoking, advanced age (61years), and inhalant allergen sensitization. Current asthma was mostly adult onset (18years old) and showed independent associations with high enterotoxin-specific IgE levels in multivariate logistic regression tests. In multivariate linear regressions, staphylococcal enterotoxin-specific IgE level was identified as the major determinant factor for total IgE level. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization was independently associated with adult-onset asthma in adult community populations. Strong correlations between the enterotoxin-specific IgE and total IgE levels support the clinical significance. The present findings warrant further studies for the precise roles of staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization in the asthma pathogenesis