Linear operators that strongly preserve regularity of fuzzy matrices

An $ntimes n$ fuzzy matrix $A$ is called {regular} if there is an $ntimes n$ fuzzy matrix $G$ such that $AGA=A$. We study the problem of characterizing those linear operators $T$ on the fuzzy matrices such that $T(X)$ is regular if and only if $X$ is. Consequently, we obtain that $T$ strongly preserves regularity of fuzzy matrices if and only if there are permutation matrices $P$ and $Q$ such that it has the form $T(X)=PXQ$ or $T(X)=PX^tQ$ for all fuzzy matrices $X$

Linear preservers of term ranks of matrices over semirings

AbstractThe term rank of a matrix A over a semiring S is the least number of lines (rows or columns) needed to include all the nonzero entries in A. In this paper, we study linear operators that preserve term ranks of matrices over S. In particular, we show that a linear operator T on matrix space over S preserves term rank if and only if T preserves term ranks 1 and α(≥2) if and only if T preserves two consecutive term ranks in a restricted condition. Other characterizations of term-rank preservers are also given

Linear Operators That Preserve Two Genera of a Graph

If a graph can be embedded in a smooth orientable surface of genus g without edge crossings and can not be embedded on one of genus g − 1 without edge crossings, then we say that the graph has genus g. We consider a mapping on the set of graphs with m vertices into itself. The mapping is called a linear operator if it preserves a union of graphs and it also preserves the empty graph. On the set of graphs with m vertices, we consider and investigate those linear operators which map graphs of genus g to graphs of genus g and graphs of genus g + j to graphs of genus g + j for j ≤ g and m sufficiently large. We show that such linear operators are necessarily vertex permutations

Effective AMI System Based On Multi-Channel Cluster

Recently, high-efficient, next-generation infrastructure system using information communication technology is increasingly required to overcome limitation of water resource management, and Smart Water Grid is being developed to resolve imbalance by effectively allocating, managing and carrying water resources. Therefore, the article aims to enhance efficiency of management through physical, logical consumer channel clustering and reliability on metering reading data, and achieve expandability of wireless metering reading network through channel use that can be identified between proximate clusters, by suggesting channel set-up based on multichannel cluster mixed with network channel and group channel to resolve the problems stated above and implement various services. Further, this paper aims to reduce installment time and maintenance repair cost through hierarchical network structure composed with four differentiated devices in wireless AMR systems, and suggest wireless AMR network based on multichannel cluster substantializing various services by supporting various operation modes through quick error recovery and back up functions

Multi-Color Luminescence Transition of Upconversion Nanocrystals via Crystal Phase Control with SiO2 for High Temperature Thermal Labels

Upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs)-embedded microarchitectures with luminescence color transition capability and enhanced luminescence intensity under extreme conditions are suitable for developing a robust labeling system in a high-temperature thermal industrial process. However, most UCNs based labeling systems are limited by the loss of luminescence owing to the destruction of the crystalline phase or by a predetermined luminescence color without color transition capability. Herein, an unusual crystal phase transition of UCNs to a hexagonal apatite phase in the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles is reported with the enhancements of 130-fold green luminescence and 52-fold luminance as compared to that of the SiO2-free counterpart. By rationally combining this strategy with an additive color mixing method using a mask-less flow lithography technique, single to multiple luminescence color transition, scalable labeling systems with hidden letters-, and multi-luminescence colored microparticles are demonstrated for a UCNs luminescence color change-based high temperature labeling system

Management of Traumatic Duodenal Injuries: A Report from a Single-Center

Purpose Traumatic duodenal injury is uncommon and due to its difficult diagnosis and accessibility there is an increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Methods Electronic medical records of a single center were reviewed retrospectively from March 2008 to December 2020 and a total of 7 cases of traumatic duodenal injury were managed by surgical exploration. The site of duodenal perforation, injury mechanisms, operation method, and postoperative outcomes were assessed. Results The mean age was 55.72 years (range, 34–78), and there were 5 men in the study. The most common mechanism was in-car traffic accident (4 cases), and 1 case each of pedestrian accident, accident during work, and self-injured stab wound. The most common site of injury was between the 3rd and 4th portion (3 cases), followed by the bulb and 1st portion (2 cases), and 2nd portion (2 cases). Segmental resection of the duodenum and primary anastomosis was performed in the 3rd and 4th portion perforation. In cases of 1st and 2nd portion, injury was managed by primary repair or pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Complications developed in 4 patients, and the most common complication was a problem with the wound; wound seromas developed in 4 cases, entero-cutaneous fistula in 1, and biliary complications in 2 cases. Two patients suffered from intraperitoneal abscess or fluid collection managed by percutaneous drainage. The mean duration of hospital stay was 34 days, and postoperative mortality did not develop. Conclusion Favorable clinical outcomes were observed in patients with traumatic duodenal injury managed by various surgical approaches

Staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization in a community-based population : a potential role in adult-onset asthma

Background: Recent studies suggest that Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin sensitization is a risk factor for asthma. However, there is a paucity of epidemiologic evidence on adult-onset asthma in community-based populations. Objective: We sought to evaluate the epidemiology and the clinical significance of staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization in community-based adult populations. Methods: The present analyses were performed using the baseline data set of Korean adult population surveys, consisting of 1080 adults (mean age=60.2years) recruited from an urban and a rural community. Questionnaires, methacholine challenge tests, and allergen skin tests were performed for defining clinical phenotypes. Sera were analysed for total IgE and enterotoxin-specific IgE using ImmunoCAP. Results: Staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization (0.35kU/L) had a prevalence of 27.0%. Risk factors were identified as male sex, current smoking, advanced age (61years), and inhalant allergen sensitization. Current asthma was mostly adult onset (18years old) and showed independent associations with high enterotoxin-specific IgE levels in multivariate logistic regression tests. In multivariate linear regressions, staphylococcal enterotoxin-specific IgE level was identified as the major determinant factor for total IgE level. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization was independently associated with adult-onset asthma in adult community populations. Strong correlations between the enterotoxin-specific IgE and total IgE levels support the clinical significance. The present findings warrant further studies for the precise roles of staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization in the asthma pathogenesis