The impacts of founding teams\u27 characteristics, types of opportunities, and types of strategies on firm performance in new business ventures

In this dissertation, I examine the impact of the characteristics of founding team on firm performance in new business ventures. In addition, this study investigates the moderating effects of the types of opportunities and the types of strategies on the relationships between founding teams\u27 knowledge and firm performance. Although considerable research has examined the effects of founding teams\u27 education and experience on firm performance, findings are inconclusive and disintegrated. Few studies have attempted to investigate the combined effects of these important factors on new ventures\u27 performance and survival. As a result, this study investigates the impact of founding team knowledge acquired through formal education, industry experience, and entrepreneurial experience on firm performance, while considering the moderating effects of different types of opportunities and types of strategies. New ventures often lack resources, track-records, and reputation. Therefore, entrepreneurial founding teams\u27 knowledge is a critical for survival and growth of new ventures. Human capital includes knowledge, skills, and experience. The knowledge-based view (KBV) explains how an individual\u27s knowledge can be a source of competitive advantage and influence new ventures\u27 growth and survival. Cognition theory explains how individuals\u27 cognitive profile determines how they handle complex information in order to identify and exploit opportunities. An individual\u27s cognitive profile can be shaped by experience. This study reviews and examines the effects of three dimensions of founding teams\u27 knowledge, such as breadth (founding teams\u27 education, industry experience, and entrepreneurship experience), depth (founding teams\u27 education, industry experience, and entrepreneurship experience), and relatedness (founding teams\u27 education and industry experience) and on firm performance in new ventures. This research, in addition, investigates the moderating effects of the types of opportunities (novelty-centered opportunities and efficiency-centered opportunities) and the types of strategies (differentiation strategies and low-cost leadership strategies) on the relationship between founding teams\u27 knowledge and firm performance. I used archival data from Hoovers online, Edgar, and S&P Compustat to test the effects of founding teams\u27 knowledge and experience on firm performance. I also tested the moderating effects of the types of opportunities and the types of strategies on the relationships between founding teams\u27 knowledge and firm performance. Empirical results provide some support for the hypotheses. The types of opportunities and the types of strategies somewhat moderate the relationship between founding teams\u27 knowledge and firm performance in young firms. The results also provide support for the tree-way interaction effect of founding teams\u27 knowledge, the types of opportunities, and the types of strategies on firm performance. This study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature examining the effects of specific dimensions of founding teams\u27 knowledge and experience on firm performance. Specifically, it provides new insight into the interaction effects of the types of opportunities and founding teams\u27 knowledge on performance, highlights moderating effects of types of strategies on the relationships between founding teams\u27 knowledge and performance, and sheds light on the interaction effects of types of opportunities, types of strategies, and founding teams\u27 knowledge on performance. The important implication for organization and management is that founding teams\u27 knowledge and experience and the types of opportunities and the types of strategies should be matched. This research suggests that future research should use different data collection methods to obtain data before IPO to examine these relationships in question at the early stage of new ventures. In addition, future research should examine other types of opportunities and strategies

Current-Induced Resonant Motion of a Magnetic Vortex Core: Effect of Nonadiabatic Spin Torque

The current-induced resonant excitation of a magnetic vortex core is investigated by means of analytical and micromagnetic calculations. We find that the radius and the phase shift of the resonant motion are not correctly described by the analytical equations because of the dynamic distortion of a vortex core. In contrast, the initial tilting angle of a vortex core is free from the distortion and determined by the nonadiabaticity of the spin torque. It is insensitive to experimentally uncontrollable current-induced in-plane Oersted field. We propose that a time-resolved imaging of the very initial trajectory of a core is essential to experimentally estimate the nonadiabaticity.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Symmetric negative differential resistance in a molecular nanosilver chain

The electrical transport properties of the molecular nanosilver chain have been investigated. We observed the symmetric negative differential resistance (NDR) in the current-voltage characteristics. The peak voltage (V P) increased but the peak current (I P) decreased upon cooling. The self-capacitance effect of the silver chain crystal is suggested to explain this unconventional NDR phenomenon.open0

Metal-organic frameworks constructed from flexible ditopic ligands: Conformational diversity of an aliphatic ligand

The solvothermal reaction of adipic acid as a flexible ditopic ligand and the metal ions MnII, CoII, and TbIII afforded three novel metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), {[Mn2(adipate) 2(DMA)]} (1), {[Co2(adipate)2(DMF)] ??1DMF??1.5H2O} (2), and {[Tb3(adipate) 4.5(DMF)2]} (3) (DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide; DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), respectively, which were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Depending on the kind of metal ion and solvent system, the conformations and coordination modes of the adipate ligands were diverse and governed the entire MOF structure. Compound 1 consists of the secondary building units (SBUs) of Mn-O chains that were linked by adipate ligands extending in two-dimensional sheets, which were infinitely stacked in a layer-by-layer manner. Compound 2 presented a three-dimensional MOF constructed from Co-O chains and bridging adipate ligands extending in four different directions. Compound 3 also had a three-dimensional structure which was formed by Tb-O chains connected with adipate ligands in six directions. From these structures, ten different adipate ligands with diverse conformations were found, and the potential energy of each conformation was calculated by the first-principles density function. In addition, the luminescence properties of the Tb-based MOF 3 were investigated in the solid state at room temperature.close0

Electrogenic transport and K(+) ion channel expression by the human endolymphatic sac epithelium.

The endolymphatic sac (ES) is a cystic organ that is a part of the inner ear and is connected to the cochlea and vestibule. The ES is thought to be involved in inner ear ion homeostasis and fluid volume regulation for the maintenance of hearing and balance function. Many ion channels, transporters, and exchangers have been identified in the ES luminal epithelium, mainly in animal studies, but there has been no functional study investigating ion transport using human ES tissue. We designed the first functional experiments on electrogenic transport in human ES and investigated the contribution of K(+) channels in the electrogenic transport, which has been rarely identified, even in animal studies, using electrophysiological/pharmacological and molecular biological methods. As a result, we identified functional and molecular evidence for the essential participation of K(+) channels in the electrogenic transport of human ES epithelium. The identified K(+) channels involved in the electrogenic transport were KCNN2, KCNJ14, KCNK2, and KCNK6, and the K(+) transports via those channels are thought to play an important role in the maintenance of the unique ionic milieu of the inner ear fluid

Prediction of Giant Spin Motive Force due to Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling

Magnetization dynamics in a ferromagnet can induce a spin-dependent electric field through spin motive force. Spin current generated by the spin-dependent electric field can in turn modify the magnetization dynamics through spin-transfer torque. While this feedback effect is usually weak and thus ignored, we predict that in Rashba spin-orbit coupling systems with large Rashba parameter $\alpha_{\rm R}$, the coupling generates the spin-dependent electric field [\pm(\alpha_{\rm R}m_e/e\hbar) (\vhat{z}\times \partial \vec{m}/\partial t)], which can be large enough to modify the magnetization dynamics significantly. This effect should be relevant for device applications based on ultrathin magnetic layers with strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling.Comment: 4+ pages, 2 figure

Competition between B-Z and B-L transitions in a single DNA molecule: Computational studies

Under negative torsion, DNA adopts left-handed helical forms, such as Z-DNA and L-DNA. Using the random copolymer model developed for a wormlike chain, we represent a single DNA molecule with structural heterogeneity as a helical chain consisting of monomers which can be characterized by different helical senses and pitches. By Monte Carlo simulation, where we take into account bending and twist fluctuations explicitly, we study sequence dependence of B-Z transitions under torsional stress and tension focusing on the interaction with B-L transitions. We consider core sequences, (GC)(n) repeats or (TG)(n) repeats, which can interconvert between the right-handed B form and the left-handed Z form, imbedded in a random sequence, which can convert to left-handed L form with different (tension dependent) helical pitch. We show that Z-DNA formation from the (GC)(n) sequence is always supported by unwinding torsional stress but Z-DNA formation from the (TG)(n) sequence, which are more costly to convert but numerous, can be strongly influenced by the quenched disorder in the surrounding random sequence.National Research Foundation NRF-2012 R1A1A3013044 NRF-2014R1A1A2055681NRF-2012R1A1A2021736IBS-R023-D1NRF-2015R1A2A2A01005916Chemistr