Effect of Fermented Sauropus Androgynus Leaves on Blood Lipid Fraction and Haematological Profile in Broiler Chickens

This study was conducted to evaluate effect of fermented Sauropus androgynus leaves on blood lipid fractions and haematological profiles in broilers. One hundred and twelve broilers were distributed to 7 treatment groups. One group was fed diets without Sauropus androgynus leaves as the control, and other six groups were fed Sauropus androgynus leaves fermented by Neurospora crassa, Lactobacillus sp. or Saccharomyces cerevisiae at level of 25 g or 50 g/kg diet. Experimental results showed that the treatments had no effect on cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and atherogenic index, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and triglyceride concentration (P>0.05). It was shown that fermented Sauropus androgynus leaves significantly affected red blood count (RBC), white blood count (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), trombosit dan erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (

Comparison of mortality in each group.

<p>Comparison of mortality in each group.</p

Baseline characteristics.

<p>Baseline characteristics.</p

Enrollment, randomization, and follow up.

<p>Out of 162 patients who were eligible to the study, 73 patients were enrolled in the study, and 60 patients completed the study for analysis.</p

Survival curve of the Futhan group and No-anticoagulation group.

<p>Survival curve of the Futhan group and No-anticoagulation group.</p

Distribution of filter life spans in each group.

<p>P = 0.037; odd ratio 1.840.</p><p>Distribution of filter life spans in each group.</p

Comparison of transfusion in each group.

<p>Comparison of transfusion in each group.</p

Results of the HepaTrio and the Cobas® AmpliPrep/Cobas® TaqMan® (CAP/CTM) HBV and HCV tests.

<p>For discrepant cases between the HepaTrio and the CAP/CTM tests, medical records including the results of serologic tests were reviewed. TP, true positive; FN, false negative; FP, false positive; TN, true negative.</p

Summary of discrepant cases between the HepaTrio and the CAP/CTM assays.

<p>Abbreviations: CAP/CTM, Cobas® AmpliPrep/Cobas® TaqMan®; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HAV, hepatitis A virus; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; Pos, positive; Neg, negative; NT, not tested; Ind, indeterminate.</p>a<p>Serologic test results between one month before and after sample collection were referenced when the results were consistent at two or more separated time points.</p>b<p>Follow-up CAP/CTM HBV or HCV tests within a month.</p

Sensitivities and specificities of the HepaTrio test and the CAP/CTM assays for detecting HBV and HCV infections.

<p>Abbreviations: CAP/CTM, Cobas® AmpliPrep/Cobas® TaqMan®; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; CI, confidence interval.</p>a<p>Sensitivity and specificity were calculated after excluding the cases with indeterminate final diagnosis (See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0049106#pone-0049106-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>).</p>b<p>The diagnostic performance was estimated on the assumption that the evaluated assay yielded correct results for the indeterminate cases.</p