Cell-type-specific signaling networks in heterocellular organoids

Despite the widespread adoption of organoids as biomimetic tissue models, methods to comprehensively analyze cell-type-specific post-translational modification (PTM) signaling networks in organoids are absent. Here, we report multivariate single-cell analysis of such networks in organoids and organoid cocultures. Simultaneous analysis by mass cytometry of 28 PTMs in >1 million single cells derived from small intestinal organoids reveals cell-type- and cell-state-specific signaling networks in stem, Paneth, enteroendocrine, tuft and goblet cells, as well as enterocytes. Integrating single-cell PTM analysis with thiol-reactive organoid barcoding in situ (TOBis) enables high-throughput comparison of signaling networks between organoid cultures. Cell-type-specific PTM analysis of colorectal cancer organoid cocultures reveals that shApc, KrasG12D and Trp53R172H cell-autonomously mimic signaling states normally induced by stromal fibroblasts and macrophages. These results demonstrate how standard mass cytometry workflows can be modified to perform high-throughput multivariate cell-type-specific signaling analysis of healthy and cancerous organoids

GEOMORPHOLOGY, SEDIMENTOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY IN THE MARINE AREA BETWEEN SIFNOS AND KIMOLOS ISLANDS, GREECE

Στην ελάχιστα μελετημένη θαλάσσια περιοχή μεταξύ των νησιών Σίφνου και Κιμώλου πραγματοποιήθηκε μια εκτεταμένη ωκεανογραφική μελέτη, με σκοπό την καταγραφή της υποθαλάσσιας μορφολογίας και των χαρακτηριστικών των επιφανειακών ιζημάτων, καθώς και της πηγής προέλευσης αυτών. Έγιναν καταγραφές με πολυδεσμικό βυθόμετρο και δειγματοληψίες επιφανειακών ιζημάτων με box corer με το Ω/Κ Αιγαίο και ακολούθησαν αναλύσεις μεγέθους κόκκων, ορυκτολογίας και γεωχημείας. Ένα μεγάλο βαθυμετρικό βύθισμα εντοπίστηκε βόρεια της Κιμώλου, με μέγιστο βάθος 743 μ., που συγκεντρώνει λεπτόκοκκα ιζήματα. Η κατανομή των ιζημάτων ως προς το μέγεθος κόκκων χαρακτηρίζεται από σταδιακή μείωση του μεγέθους από νότο προς βορρά. Η ορυκτολογική σύσταση περιλαμβάνει ασβεστίτη, Mg-ασβεστίτη, αραγωνίτη, δολομίτη, χαλαζία, Κ-άστριους, πλαγιόκλαστα, αμφίβολους και αργιλικά ορυκτά. Οι κύριες ιζηματολογικές επαρχίες που αναγνωρίστηκαν είναι 1) η ρηχή περιοχή πλησίον της Κιμώλου, με υψηλό περιεχόμενο σε Si, Al, K, Rb και Ba, 2) η βαθιά περιοχή δυτικά της Σίφνου, όπου εμφανίζεται και το μεγάλο βύθισμα, που χαρακτηρίζεται από υψηλό περιεχόμενο σε Fe, Ti, Na, Mg, S, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Zn και 3) το στενό μεταξύ Σίφνου και Κιμώλου, με υψηλότερο περιεχόμενο σε Ca, S και Sr. Στο βύθισμα αυτό, παρατηρήθηκε σημαντικός εμπλουτισμός των ιζημάτων σε μαγγάνιο, ενώ τα οξείδια του Mn φαίνεται να προσροφούν διάφορα μέταλλα.An extensive oceanographic survey was conducted in the marine area between Kimolos and Sifnos Islands, a rather poorly-studied sector of the Aegean Sea, in order to gain better understanding of submarine geomorphological features and associated sediment provenance. Multi-beam bathymetry and surface sediment sampling with a box corer were carried out on board R/V Aegaeo, followed by grain-size analysis, XRD and XRF measurements. A large circular depression was identified north of Kimolos reaching a water depth of 743 m, filled with fine grained sediments. Surface sediment distribution is characterized by gradual decrease in grain-size from silty sand to silt in a S-N direction. The mineralogical composition comprises calcite, Mgcalcite, aragonite, dolomite, quartz, K feldspars, plagioclase, amphiboles and clay minerals. Major sediment provinces identified were: (i) the shallow sector proximal to Kimolos, characterized by higher contents in Si, Al, K, Rb and Ba; (ii) the deep area west of Sifnos, including the large depression, characterized by higher contents in Fe, Ti, Na, Mg, S, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Zn; and (iii) the south passage between Kimolos and Sifnos, which exhibits higher Ca, S, and Sr contents. Manganese enrichment was observed in and around the bathymetric depression, where Mn oxides act efficiently as scavengers of a suite of metals

How do MNC R&D laboratory roles affect employee international assignments?

Research and development (R&D) employees are important human resources for multinational corporations (MNCs) as they are the driving force behind the advancement of innovative ideas and products. International assignments of these employees can be a unique way to upgrade their expertise; allowing them to effectively recombine their unique human resources to progress existing knowledge and advance new ones. This study aims to investigate the effect of the roles of R&D laboratories in which these employees work on the international assignments they undertake. We categorise R&D laboratory roles into those of the support laboratory, the locally integrated laboratory and the internationally interdependent laboratory. Based on the theory of resource recombinations, we hypothesise that R&D employees in support laboratories are not likely to assume international assignments, whereas those in locally integrated and internationally interdependent laboratories are likely to assume international assignments. The empirical evidence, which draws from research conducted on 559 professionals in 66 MNC subsidiaries based in Greece, provides support to our hypotheses. The resource recombinations theory that extends the resource based view can effectively illuminate the international assignment field. Also, research may provide more emphasis on the close work context of R&D scientists rather than analyse their demographic characteristics, the latter being the focus of scholarly practice hitherto