1,731 research outputs found
Description of the Diadegma fenestrale (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) Attacking the Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Lep.: Gelechiidae) New to Korea
Diadegma fenestrale is known as a parasitoid of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella. The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is one of the most destructive pest of potatoes. Also, we found this species attacking the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Ratio of parasitism is 20-30% and cocoon of lepidopteran was parasitic ichneumonid species after 3 days. This species and the genus Diadegma are recorded for the first time from Korea. In this paper, description of the parasitoid and photographs of the diagnostic characteristics are provided
KINEMATIC SYNTHESIS OF A MEDICAL BED FOR DECUBITUS ULCER PATIENTS
ABSTRACT A decubitus ulcer or bedsore is a pressure-induced ulceration of the skin occurring in persons confined to bed for long periods of time. Reduction of pressure over bony prominences is of primary importance to prevent and cure bedsores. For this purpose, specially designed mattresses can be used and/or the patient should be turned frequently to avoid ischemia of soft tissue. In addition to pressure, other principal factors causing bedsore are friction and shear forces. In this paper, we designed a new 5 degree of freedom bed mechanism that can be used to change the posture of pressure ulcer patients, which generates 7 motions including backrest elevation, kneerest elevation, lounge position, left and right rotation, trendelenberg and reverse trendelenberg motion, and straight elevation. Particularly, we focused on the synthesis of a backrest and seatrest assembly that can reduce sliding between the bed and the patient
Evaluation of genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium in Korean-bred rice varieties using SSR markers
Background: In order to evaluate the variation among different rice
types, the genetic diversity in a rice collection composed by 59
breeding lines, 23 landraces, 18 weedy rice lines, and 35 introduced
lines that collected from countries worldwide was analyzed using 134
simple sequence repeat markers. Results: In total, 1264 alleles were
identified (average, 9.43 per locus). Rare alleles made up a large
portion (58.4%) of the detected alleles, and 29 unique alleles
associated with rice accessions were also discovered. A model-based
structural analysis revealed the presence of three subpopulations. The
genetic relationships revealed by the neighbour-joining tree method
were fairly consistent with the structure-based membership assignments
for most of the accessions. A total of 105 accessions (79.5%) showed a
clear relationship to each cluster, while the remaining 27 accessions
(20.5%) were categorized as admixtures. Linkage disequilibrium (LD)
patterns and distributions are of fundamental importance for
genome-wide association mapping. The mean r2 value for all
intrachromosomal loci pairs was 0.1286. The LD between linked markers
decreased with the genetic distance between pairs of linked loci.
Conclusions: These results will provide an effective aid for future
allele mining, association genetics, mapping and cloning gene(s),
germplasm conservation, and improvement programs
Resting-state EEG activity related to impulsivity in gambling disorder
Background and aims Impulsivity is a core feature of gambling disorder (GD) and is related to the treatment response. Thus, it is of interest to determine objective neurobiological markers associated with impulsivity in GD. We explored resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in patients with GD according to the degree of impulsivity. Methods In total, 109 GD subjects were divided into three groups according to Barratt impulsiveness scale-11 (BIS-11) scores: high (HI; 25th percentile of BIS-11 scores, n = 29), middle (MI; 26th–74th percentile, n = 57), and low-impulsivity (LI) groups (75th percentile, n = 23). We used generalized estimating equations to analyze differences in EEG absolute power considering group (HI, MI, and LI), brain region (frontal, central, and posterior), and hemisphere (left, midline, and right) for each frequency band (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). Results The results indicated that GD patients in the HI group showed decreased theta absolute power, and decreased alpha and beta absolute power in the left, right, particularly midline frontocentral regions. Discussion and conclusions This study is a novel attempt to reveal impulsive features in GD by neurophysiological methods. The results suggest different EEG patterns among GD patients according to the degree of impulsivity, raising the possibility of neurophysiological objective features in GD and helping clinicians in treating GD patients with impulsive features
Association between lower serum bicarbonate and renal hyperfiltration in the general population with preserved renal function: a cross-sectional study
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to
the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Abstract
Background
Lower serum bicarbonate, mainly due to the modern Western-style diet, and renal hyperfiltration (RHF) are both independently associated with higher mortality in the general population with preserved renal function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between serum bicarbonate and RHF.
Methods
The health data of 41,886 adults with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 were analyzed. The eGFR was calculated with the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation and RHF was defined as eGFR with adjusted residuals > sex-specific 95th percentile.
Results
The adjusted mean of eGFR was lower in the highest quintile of serum bicarbonate than in other quintiles, after adjusting for confounders. A lower percentile rank of serum bicarbonate was associated with higher odds of RHF. The odds ratio (OR) for RHF in the lowest quintile of serum bicarbonate was 1.39 (95 % confidence interval, 95 % CI, 1.11–1.75) compared to the highest, after adjusting for confounders. With subgroup analysis, the association was prominent in participants with a body mass index >25 kg/m2 (OR 1.98, 95 % CI 1.32–2.95 in the lowest quintile compared to the highest), compared to those with a body mass index ≤25 kg/m2 (OR 1.18, 95 % CI 0.89–1.56 in the lowest quintile compared to the highest).
Conclusions
This study observed an association between lower serum bicarbonate and higher odds of RHF and the possible differential effect of obesity in this association. It is necessary to confirm the association between lower serum bicarbonate and RHF and its causality
TCT-301 Lesion-specific myocardial mass: A new index for diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease
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Atelectasis Induced by Thoracotomy Causes Lung Injury during Mechanical Ventilation in Endotoxemic Rats
Atelectasis can impair arterial oxygenation and decrease lung compliance. However, the effects of atelectasis on endotoxemic lungs during ventilation have not been well studied. We hypothesized that ventilation at low volumes below functional residual capacity (FRC) would accentuate lung injury in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-pretreated rats. LPS-pretreated rats were ventilated with room air at 85 breaths/min for 2 hr at a tidal volume of 10 mL/kg with or without thoracotomy. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was applied to restore FRC in the thoracotomy group. While LPS or thoracotomy alone did not cause significant injury, the combination of endotoxemia and thoracotomy caused significant hypoxemia and hypercapnia. The injury was observed along with a marked accumulation of inflammatory cells in the interstitium of the lungs, predominantly comprising neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Immunohistochemistry showed increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in mononuclear cells accumulated in the interstitium in the injury group. Pretreatment with PEEP or an iNOS inhibitor (1400 W) attenuated hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lung. In conclusion, the data suggest that atelectasis induced by thoracotomy causes lung injury during mechanical ventilation in endotoxemic rats through iNOS expression
Development of cDNA-derived SSR markers and their efficiency in diversity assessment of Cymbidium accessions
Abstract Cymbidium spp. are popular flowering plants. Assessment of
the genetic diversity in cultivated Cymbidium facilitates conservation
of germplasm and subsequent cultivar improvement. Thus, it is important
to develop more efficient polymorphic DNA markers. Although more motifs
(403) were identified and more primers (206) were designed in the
genomic library compared to the cDNA library, a larger number of
successful primers were obtained from the cDNA library (59.9%) than
from genomic DNA library (51.1%). However, higher PIC and gene
diversity were identified in genomic SSRs. The average allele number
per locus was also higher in genomic SSRs (7.3) than EST-SSRs (5.2),
among the 24 evaluated Cymbidium accessions. AT/TA was comparatively
high in EST-SSRs, while this motif was not as common in genomic SSRs.
The CTT/AAG/TCT/AGA/TTC/GAA and TGC/GCA/GCT/AGC/CTG/CAG motifs were the
most abundant tri-nucleotide sequences in EST-SSRs, while
GTT/AAC/TGT/ACA/TTG/CAA was the most frequent in genomic SSRs. The
number of repeats ranged from 3 to 12 in EST-SSRs. Currently, 52 novel
polymorphic SSR markers have been evaluated, which will be useful for
germplasm assessments, core set construction, evaluation of genetic
diversity, and marker assisted selection (MAS) based Cymbidium
breeding
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