Investigating the impact of random and systematic errors on gps precise point positioning ambiguity resolution

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Electronic structures and magnetic properties of RB4 (R=Yb,Pr,Gd,Tb,Dy)

Most rare-earth tetraborides RB4 have antiferromagnetic ground states except for YbB4 and PrB4. We have investigated the electronic structures and magnetic properties of RB4 (R=Yb, Pr, Gd, Tb, Dy) employing the first-principles total energy band method. It is found that YbB4 has the paramagnetic ground state, while the other tetraborides are in the magnetic ground state, which is in agreement with experiments. We have obtained the spin and orbital magnetic moments and discussed the importance of the spin-orbit interaction and the on-site Coulomb repulsion (U) in these systems. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3058707]ope

KACC: An identification and characterization for microbial resources in Korea

Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC) is an authorized organizer and the official depository for microbial resources in Korea. The KACC has developed a web-based database system to provide integrated information about microbial resources. It includes not only simple text information onindividual microbe but also morphological images and DNA sequence data for the strain. The KACC now provides the characterization information which maintains 7,433 cultures of microorganisms including 2,687 strains of bacteria, 3535 fungi, 476 actinomycetes, 64 yeasts, and 671 others (mushrooms, gene clones, etc)

Dark Matter Deficient Galaxies Produced via High-velocity Galaxy Collisions in High-resolution Numerical Simulations

Abstract The recent discovery of diffuse dwarf galaxies that are deficient in dark matter appears to challenge the current paradigm of structure formation in our universe. We describe numerical experiments to determine if so-called dark matter deficient galaxies (DMDGs) could be produced when two gas-rich, dwarf-sized galaxies collide with a high relative velocity of ∼300 km s−1. Using idealized high-resolution simulations with both mesh-based and particle-based gravito-hydrodynamics codes, we find that DMDGs can form as high-velocity galaxy collisions and separate dark matter from the warm disk gas, which subsequently is compressed by shock and tidal interaction to form stars. Then using the large simulated universe IllustrisTNG, we discover a number of high-velocity galaxy collision events in which DMDGs are expected to form. However, we did not find evidence that these types of collisions actually produced DMDGs in the TNG100-1 run. We argue that the resolution of the numerical experiment is critical to realizing the “collision-induced” DMDG formation scenario. Our results demonstrate one of many routes in which galaxies could form with unconventional dark matter fractions.</jats:p

Replenishment of microRNA-188-5p restores the synaptic and cognitive deficits in 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease.

MicroRNAs have emerged as key factors in development, neurogenesis and synaptic functions in the central nervous system. In the present study, we investigated a pathophysiological significance of microRNA-188-5p (miR-188-5p) in Alzheimer&apos;s disease (AD). We found that oligomeric A beta(1-42) treatment diminished miR-188-5p expression in primary hippocampal neuron cultures and that miR-188-5p rescued the A beta(1-42)-mediated synapse elimination and synaptic dysfunctions. Moreover, the impairments in cognitive function and synaptic transmission observed in 7-month-old five familial AD (5XFAD) transgenic mice, were ameliorated via viral-mediated expression of miR-188-5p. miR-188-5p expression was down-regulated in the brain tissues from AD patients and 5XFAD mice. The addition of miR-188-5p rescued the reduction in dendritic spine density in the primary hippocampal neurons treated with oligomeric A beta(1-42) and cultured from 5XFAD mice. The reduction in the frequency of mEPSCs was also restored by addition of miR-188-5p. The impairments in basal fEPSPs and cognition observed in 7-month-old 5XFAD mice were ameliorated via the viral-mediated expression of miR-188-5p in the hippocampus. Furthermore, we found that miR-188 expression is CREB-dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that dysregulation of miR-188-5p expression contributes to the pathogenesis of AD by inducing synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits associated with A beta-mediated pathophysiology in the disease.1186Ysciescopu

Vaccinia-related kinase 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by controlling the levels of cell cycle regulators associated with G1/S transition

We identified the specific role of vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluated its therapeutic and prognostic potential. VRK1 levels were significantly higher in HCC cell lines than a normal hepatic cell line, and were higher in HCC than non-tumor tissue. VRK1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of SK-Hep1, SH-J1 and Hep3B cells; moreover, depletion of VRK1 suppressed HCC tumor growth in vivo. We also showed that VRK1 knockdown increased the number of G1 arrested cells by decreasing cyclin D1 and p-Rb while upregulating p21 and p27, and that VRK1 depletion downregulated phosphorylation of CREB, a transcription factor regulating CCND1. Additionally, we found that luteolin, a VRK1 inhibitor, suppressed HCC growth in vitro and in vivo, and that the aberrant VRK1 expression correlated with poor prognostic features of HCC. High levels of VRK1 were associated with shorter overall and disease-free survival and higher recurrence rates. Taken together, our findings suggest VRK1 may act as a tumor promoter by controlling the level of cell cycle regulators associated with G1/S transition and could potentially serve as a therapeutic target and/or prognostic biomarker for HCC.1110Ysciescopu

Highly photoresponsive and wavelength-selective circularly-polarized-light detector based on metal-oxides hetero-chiral thin film

A highly efficient circularly-polarized-light detector with excellent wavelength selectivity is demonstrated with an elegant and simple microelectronics-compatible way. The circularly-polarized-light detector based on a proper combination of the geometry-controlled TiO2-SnO2 hetero-chiral thin film as an effective chiroptical filter and the Si active layer shows excellent chiroptical response with external quantum efficiency as high as 30% and high helicity selectivity of similar to 15.8% in an intended wavelength range. Furthermore, we demonstrated the ability of manipulating both bandwidth and responsivity of the detector simultaneously in whole visible wavelength range by a precise control over the geometry and materials constituting hetero-chiral thin film. The high efficiency, wavelength selectivity and compatibility with conventional microelectronics processes enabled by the proposed device can result in remarkable developments in highly integrated photonic platforms utilizing chiroptical responses.1166Ysciescopu

A comparative study on the marginal fit of zirconia cores manufactured by CAD/CAM and copy milling methods

Purpose: The marginal fit of zirconia cores that were produced by CAD/CAM and by copy milling systems was compared and analyzed to confirm the significance of the variation in dental technicians skill between the two systems.Materials and Methods: Using dental resin teeth and individual trays, 30 plaster casts were produced. Fifteen casts were assigned to be used with five different zirconia core manufacturing dental laboratories using the same CAD/CAM system, which were designated as the CC group. The remaining 15 were assigned to be used with five different zirconia core manufacturing dental laboratories using also the same copy milling system and were designated as the CM group. The zirconia cores were fabricated and were cemented onto the casts. The vertical marginal opening was measured under an optical microscope at 75x magnification. The measured vertical marginal discrepancies were analyzed using an independent sample t-test, and the significance of the vertical marginal gap value for each dental laboratory was analyzed by performing the Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: The means and standard deviations for the marginal discrepancies of the CC and CM groups were found to be 102.73 ± 29.73 μm and 82.25 ± 22.37 μm, respectively. The independent sample t-test showed a significant difference between the two systems; the CAD/CAM system showed a larger vertical marginal gap than the copy milling system. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that no significant distributional differences were found between the dental laboratories in either the CAD/CAM or the copy milling systems.Conclusions: The copy milling system may produce more accurate zirconia restorations than the CAD/CAM system. The technicians skill of a copy milling system may not be a determining factor influencing the accuracy of a single zirconia core.Purpose: The marginal fit of zirconia cores that were produced by CAD/CAM and by copy milling systems was compared and analyzed to confirm the significance of the variation in dental technicians skill between the two systems. Materials and Methods: Using dental resin teeth and individual trays, 30 plaster casts were produced. Fifteen casts were assigned to be used with five different zirconia core manufacturing dental laboratories using the same CAD/CAM system, which were designated as the CC group. The remaining 15 were assigned to be used with five different zirconia core manufacturing dental laboratories using also the same copy milling system and were designated as the CM group. The zirconia cores were fabricated and were cemented onto the casts. The vertical marginal opening was measured under an optical microscope at 75x magnification. The measured vertical marginal discrepancies were analyzed using an independent sample t-test, and the significance of the vertical marginal gap value for each dental laboratory was analyzed by performing the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The means and standard deviations for the marginal discrepancies of the CC and CM groups were found to be 102.73 ± 29.73 µm and 82.25 ± 22.37 µm, respectively. The independent sample t-test showed a significant difference between the two systems; the CAD/CAM system showed a larger vertical marginal gap than the copy milling system. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that no significant distributional differences were found between the dental laboratories in either the CAD/CAM or the copy milling systems. Conclusions: The copy milling system may produce more accurate zirconia restorations than the CAD/CAM system. The technicians skill of a copy milling system may not be a determining factor influencing the accuracy of a single zirconia core.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/2008003883/14SEQ:14PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:2008003883ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A078517DEPT_CD:861CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:dentistry 201311 3 163.pdfDEPT_NM:치의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

Clothing insulation and temperature, layer and mass of clothing under comfortable environmental conditions

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the microclimate temperature and clothing insulation (Icl) under comfortable environmental conditions. In total, 20 subjects (13 women, 7 men) took part in this study. Four environmental temperatures were chosen: 14??C (to represent March/April), 25??C (May/June), 29??C (July/August), and 23??C (September/October). Wind speed (0.14ms-1) and humidity (45%) were held constant. Clothing microclimate temperatures were measured at the chest (Tchest) and on the interscapular region (Tscapular). Clothing temperature of the innermost layer (Tinnermost) was measured on this layer 30 mm above the centre of the left breast. Subjects were free to choose the clothing that offered them thermal comfort under each environmental condition. We found the following results. 1) All clothing factors except the number of lower clothing layers (Llower), showed differences between the different environmental conditions (P&lt;0.05). The ranges of Tchest were 31.6 to 33.5??C and 32.2 to 33.4??C in Tscapular. The range of Tinnermost was 28.6 to 32.0??C. The range of the upper clothing layers (Lupper) and total clothing mass (Mtotal) was 1.1 to 3.2 layers and 473 to 1659 g respectively. The range of Icl was 0.78 to 2.10 clo. 2) Post hoc analyses showed that analysis of Tinnermost produced the same results as for that of Icl. Likewise, the analysis of Lupper produced the same result as the analysis of the number of total layers (Ltotal) within an outfit. 3) Air temperature (ta) had positive relationships with Tchest and Tscapular and with Tinnermost but had inverse correlations with Icl, Mtotal, Lupper and Ltotal. Tchest, Tscapular, and Tinnermost increased as ta rose. 4) Icl had inverse relationships with Tchest and Tinnermost, but positive relationships with Mtotal, Lupper and Ltotal. Icl could be estimated by Mtotal, Lupper, and Tscapular using a multivariate linear regression model. 5) Lupper had positive relationships with Icl and Mtotal, but Llower did not. Subjects hardly changed Llower under environmental comfort conditions between March and October. This indicates that each of the Tchest, Mtotal, and Lupper was a factor in predicting Icl. Tinnermost might also be a more influential factor than the clothing microclimate temperature.open1