Quantum Technology: The Second Quantum Revolution

We are currently in the midst of a second quantum revolution. The first quantum revolution gave us new rules that govern physical reality. The second quantum revolution will take these rules and use them to develop new technologies. In this review we discuss the principles upon which quantum technology is based and the tools required to develop it. We discuss a number of examples of research programs that could deliver quantum technologies in coming decades including; quantum information technology, quantum electromechanical systems, coherent quantum electronics, quantum optics and coherent matter technology.Comment: 24 pages and 6 figure

The women on stieve's list: Victims of national socialism whose bodies were used for anatomical research

Research on the history of anatomy in the Third Reich has often concentrated on the influence of the National Socialist (NS) regime on anatomists and their consequent unethical activities. Only recently, the focus has shifted to NS victims whose bodies were used for anatomical purposes. As a first approach to learning more about the victims, this study investigated the persons whose names Hermann Stieve, chairman of the Anatomical Department at the University of Berlin, had listed after using their bodies for his research. The study draws a group portrait and recounts selected biographies of the 174 women and eight men on the list. Most women were of reproductive age, two‐thirds were German and a majority was executed for political reasons. Among the executed were at least two pregnant women. The corrected names, biographical data, and nationalities of all persons on the list are published here. None of them volunteered to be dissected, nor were the anatomists at the time interested in the victims' personal background. Future work will have to focus on the investigation of further biographies so that numbers can be turned back into people. This history is a reminder to modern anatomy that ethical body procurement and the anatomists' caring about the body donor is of the utmost importance in a discipline that introduces students to professional ethics in the medical teaching curriculum. Clin. Anat. 26:3–21, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94885/1/22195_ftp.pd

Without neighbours : daily living in Judenhäuser

32 page(s

Perpetrators of the Final Solution

22 page(s

Silvercluster on quartz-effects of different adsorbates on the optical properties of the clusters and photochemistry with femtosecond laserpulses

Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung Photochemie Nanopartikel Experimenteller Aufbau Experimentelle Ergebnisse Zusammenfassung Literaturverzeichnis DanksagungIn dieser Arbeit werden die Päparation kleiner Silber-Nanopartikel auf einer Quarzoberfläche und die Charakterisierung derselben durch Extinktionsspektroskopie vorgestellt. Wichtige Informationen über die Oberflächenmorphologie sind dadurch erhältlich. Hierfür wurde die Abhängigkeit der Positionen der Plasmonenresonanzen von der Geometrie und der Bedeckungsdichte der Cluster genutzt. In weiterführenden Messungen wurden Xenon und Benzol auf die Cluster adsorbiert. Die beobachtete Rotverschiebung der Plasmonenresonanzen beruhte hauptsächlich auf dielektrischer Abschirmung durch die Adsorbatschicht. Aus diesen Messungen konnte die absolute Breite und Höhe der Cluster bestimmt werden. In weiteren Experimenten wurde Wasser auf die Nanopartikel adsorbiert und die durch Femtosekundenlaserpulse (400 nm Wellenlänge) induzierte Photodesorption mit Zwei-Puls-Korrelations- und Fluenzabhängigkeitsmessungen untersucht. Die Messungen zeigten, daß der Desorptionsprozeß durch die Ankoppelung des Adsorbats an die Phononen des Nanopartikels induziert wird. Es wird ein Modell vorgestellt, das den Temperaturverlauf des Nanopartikelgitters nach der Anregung durch einen Femtosekundenlaserpuls auf der Basis der experimentellen Daten beschreibt. Die maximal erreichte Gittertemperatur betrug fast 1200 K und die Abkühlzeit des Gitters lag bei einigen hundert Pikosekunden. Abschließend werden erste Experimente an Cyclopentadienyl-Tri-Carbonyl auf Quarz dargestellt. Die Messungen zeigten, daß das Molekül durch einen Zwei- Photonen-Prozeß während der ersten 20-30 Femtosekundenlaserpulse unter Abspaltung von CO-Liganden dissoziiert. Infolge der Dissoziation bilden sich Carbonylkomplexe, die als Absorptionszentren für die Laserpulse wirken. Die dann einsetzende Desorption des gesamten Moleküls ist ein thermischer Prozeß.The photodesorption mechanism of water from quartz-supported silver nanoparticles has been studied by femtosecond laser two-pulse correlation and fluence dependence measurements. With the laser wavelength close to the maximum of the (1,1) plasmon resonance of the nanoparticles, the desorption was found to be purely thermal, i.e., induced by coupling of the desorption coordinate to the nanoparticle lattice temperature, both in low- and high coverage regimes. The lattice cooling times of the nanoparticles are in the range of several hundred picoseconds, in accordance with recent time-resolved X-ray measurements. Also observed is a reversible red-shift of the nanoparticle plasmon modes with increasing adsorbate (xenon and benzene) coverage which is attributed to dielectric screening

Wenn ein Wiener da ist, kann uns nicht viel passieren

15 page(s

Managing Pregnancy in Nazi Concentration Camps: The Role of Two Jewish Doctors

Despite daunting circumstances, history is full of stories of men and women incarcerated by the Nazis, who risked their lives to save others. In some cases, the moral dilemma faced by these people presented an unquestionable challenge—particularly for those in the medical profession who had taken an oath to save life. This paper presents the dramatic stories of Dr. Gisella Perl and Dr. Erno Vadasz. Although their choices were markedly different, their goals were the same—to save as many lives as possible

Mussert

18 page(s

Introduction

4 page(s